Mass media

How have the mass media affected human life? The role of mass media in the civilized society is still provoking much controversy. Some individuals claim that mass media converts the world into a better place to live in, others, in the meantime, argue that it brings us nothing but trouble. From my perspective, mass media is widely acknowledged for its merits regarding entertainment and information purposes. In the first place, mass media is considered a source of entertainment.To the present day, television and the Internet offer a surprisingly broad variety of ecreational forms such as films, music, games, comics and so on. This wide range, coupled with the blossom of multi-channel technology, facilitates viewers's relaxation after a hard-working day. Such is the popularity of mass media that hardly any day goes by without tens of thousands of users turning to it for entertainment. In addition, mass media functions as a means of Information.It contains a truly large amount of informa tion of all types: from economic, political to environmental news, which assists onlookers or subscribers in keeping up with the current affairs In the world. For example, It Is mass media that helps broadcast the Fukushima's nuclear explosion all over the world, hence enabling us to be Informed of the catastrophe within seconds. But for the information purpose of mass media, human beings would have been kept In the dark about the outside world.Those holding the reverse view argue that mass media does more harm than good for utilizers. Overexposure to televisions, computers or even newspapers can lead to eye disorders, headache, backache, so on. Should their heath suffer, how can they live normally, let alone comfortably? Nevertheless, the majority of victims are seen In sers of young age whose awareness of the bad effects of the mass media has not been fully developed. As long as they are educated, the Impact of mass media will not be so Intense. On balance, mass media Is one of th e focuses of todays concern.Although It possesses some drawbacks, It Is my strong belief that mass media play such an Indispensable part In human lives that hardly anyone can Imagine a world without Its appearance. In addition, mass media functions as a means of information. It contains a truly news, which assists onlookers or subscribers in keeping up with the current affairs in the world. For example, it is mass media that helps broadcast the Fukushima's nuclear explosion all over the world, hence enabling us to be informed of the beings would have been kept in the dark about the outside world. ive normally, let alone comfortably? Nevertheless, the majority of victims are seen in been fully developed. As long as they are educated, the impact of mass media will not be so intense. On balance, mass media is one of the focuses of todays concern. Although it possesses some drawbacks, it is my strong belief that mass media play such an indispensable part in human lives that hardly anyon e can imagine a world without its Mass media The twosome flow theory gave 4 | Page way to the multiples flow theory of mass communication or diffusion of innovation theory. Katz, Lieu (1973). The twosome flow of communication: an update report of an hypothesis. In Anis and Cox(des. ), Marketing Classics, Pl 751 93. Conceptual Framework In this framework, the source will be the local TV networks because they are the one who will dub the foreign cartoons. The message will be promotion of nationalism and patriotism to Filipino children who often watch Digitized cartoons.The mass media is the airing of Digitized cartoons. The opinion leaders 5 | page will be the parents of the children who often watch Digitized cartoons. They are the opinion leaders because the researchers will interview arenas from Magmata, Manila and Guenon City to know their opinion about Digitized cartoons and their opinion about it promoting nationalism or just to help children to understand the show better because it's dubbed t our national language. Lastly t he children are the public because they are the target audience of the local TV networks.Sass motion The reason why the local TV networks continue to air Digitized cartoons, is for Filipino children to understand the show better, because if the cartoons were in English, the people who use it as a second language far Outnumber those w ho speak it as a first language. It doesn't promote nationalism because its setting is from western and Asian countries. The shows are Digitized because they only want to help children that are not yet familiar or incapable of speaking English h to understand the shows better.Many parents discourage their children to watch h Digitized cartoons because it doesn't help them to enhance their English proficiency which is important nowadays because it's the universal language. Depend will not consider this as a promotion for nationalism because Of its stet inning. Significance of the Study The researcher's aim is to know the reasons why local networks intent ion to Digitize cartoons and do they really want to promote nationalism by 6 | page dubbing foreign cartoons in Filipino language and to know the advantages and disadvantages of watching Digitized cartoons.The significance of this study to local TV networks is to know their reason of airing Digitized cartoons, to parents, it's significance is to understand the TV networks' reason Of airing Digitized cartoons and does it really help their children to understand the show better, as per the children, it's significance is to know the lessons or will they benefit if they watch Digitized cartoons. This duty will help the viewers to understand why they should or shouldn't encourage their children to watch Digitized foreign cartoons.If they really want to promote nationalism, they should make a Toga sitcom or TV shows for children like Abbott, Sinkable and Heartwarming. Scope and Limitation The people that are involved in this study are the local TV networks like GAMMA, ABACAS and TV that a ir Digitized cartoons, Depend and the parents of the children who often watch Digitized foreign cartoons, the parents and children that the researchers will interview are coming from Magmata City, Patters, Tagging 7 | page ND Guenon City. In two months the researchers will be able to gather all the data that are needed in this study.Although this research is carefully prepared, there will be some unavoidable limitations like the limited availability of the local network and Depend representatives, weather and the location where the researchers will conduct their interview. The researchers will interview the parents of the children who often watch Digitized cartoons, their children and representatives from ABACAS, GAMMA and The researchers will interview them by the end of October. The researcher will conduct an interview with he parents and their children at their residence and the representatives will be interviewed at their office.Definition of terms Cartoons A cartoon is a form o f dimensional illustrated visual art. While the specific definition has changed over time, modern usage refers to a typically nonrealistic or semanticist drawing or painting intended for satire, caricature, or Depth Department of Education (abbreviated as Depend; Filipino: Quarrelsomeness's) is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for ensuring access to, promoting equity in, and 8 | page improving the quality of basic education. It is the main agency tasked to manage and govern the Philippine system of basic education.It is the chief formulator of Dubbed When videos from other countries have been translated. Foreign engage A language indigenous to another country. It is also a language not spoken in the native country of the person referred to. Mainstream It is the common current thought of the majority. It includes all popular culture and media culture, typically disseminated by mass media. Nationalism A feeling that people have of being loyal to and pr oud of their country often with the belief that it is better and more important Han other countries. Mass Media This chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, research objectives, research questions, significance the study and limitation of the study. Background of the study Formerly perceived as an activity that only large companies in developed economies engage in, the reality is, success of every organisation, whether large or small is dependent on building a relationship with their customers (Kotler, 2002). Small businesses have used promotion to raise customer's awareness and interest, announce new products, publicise an improvement and stay competitive (Garity, 2010). The more people respond to promotion, the better it is for the business and the society in large. Promotion allows customers compare and contrast products and services to ensure they get the best (Kotler, 2002)Kayode (2007) defines promotion as the conscious effort that involves setting up mediums that a business can utilize in persuading customers to buy products or services, or even promote a concept. Promotion as a means to communicated existed in pre-historical times. Egyptian papyrus, waxed boards and roadside rocks were used in the ancient times to present upcoming sales to the citizens (Feofanov, 2004). Technological advancements gave way to expansion of product promotion through mass media. In 20th century, the era of industrial and production though technology and innovation to develop sophisticated and organized means of communicating with potential customers. With the help of radio, billboards, flyers, television, magazines, newspapers and brochures, small businesses were able to to create awareness of their products (Patino ; Pitta 2012) and communicate with their customers. Breirley (1995) explains further that small businesses also engage in promotion with an objective to influence behaviours, appeal to customers as well as motivate them to buy or not buy certain products. In developing countries, broadcast and print media remain the most preferred means of promotion due to its nature of information richness whose format allows text, animation and audio (Murmaan, 2013). According to Marmori (2009) radio and television give businesses the possibility to reach a sufficient amount of targeted audience as well as a high frequency of words in the message distributed. They have the ability to reach even illiterate people. Television and radio transmits locally, regionally as well as internationally giving the promotion a widest coverage. Although the most popular, radio and television are expensive media for promotion of products and services in comparison to short exposure time of their message. One's message has to be brief, and sometimes considered a nuisance when aired in the middle of a program. With the creation of World Wide Web in the early 1990s, internet as mechanism of disseminating information between individuals, regardless of their geographical destination has had a landmark effect on how small businesses are promoting their products/ services (Leiner, Cerf, Clark, Kahn, 2017). Formerly regarded as a communication tool, internet in now a certifiably revolutionary technology that has enabled businesses a faster and better two-way communication between them and their customers. In the first era, internet belonged to individuals, an aspect that has long changed as businesses have taken over and are using social media to create awareness of their products or services (Kaplain & Heinlein, 2010). The revolution in technology has changed how businesses are establishing and maintaining relationships with their customers (Breirley, 1995). Through websites and social media and increase of mobile phone, both small businesses and customers have a quick access to information, low promotional cost, multimedia enriched and limitless space (Stojkovi?, 2012). Internet has offered a global platform to sell and buy products and services for small business formerly limited by lack of sufficient budgets.In Tanzania, many small businesses are integrating social media as part of the promotion plan. Ayman's Investment is a one such business that engages social media via Instagram to promote its services and products which includes a hair and beauty and bridal clothes respectively.Social MediaBuettner (2016) describes social media as computer affiliated tools that enables users to share information in virtual networks, faster and effective. When adopted in business, Social Media offers a variety of benefits and opportunities for businesses to promote their businesses (Celine, 2012). Therefore, businesses cannot afford to bypass Social Media. Mehmood ; Shabbir (2016) acknowledges that indeed social media has transformed not only social interaction but the way of business. Whether websites, social networks or blogs, people are sharing their experiences and information. Smith ;Treadaway (2010) observed that the rise of social media has more or less coincided with the decline of traditional media with its acceptance rate continuing to increase as compare to traditional media. Social media allow users to create content by taking and sharing photos of their products as well as write captions to compliment the photos (Bui, 2014). Ben Long, a photographer and writer highlights the use of photos as a powerful tool to evoke a potent experience to viewers (Long, 2011). Through social media, businesses can generate, authentic conversations between them and customers and they are sharing their thoughts and experiences at no cost at all, unlike word-of-mouth which is limited in reach and broadcast media that is expensive (Evans,2008). They include Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and SnapChat. Although less popular that Facebook, Instagram is rapidly becoming one of today's top choices among small businesses. Launched in October 2010, Instagram had 800 million active subscribers in September, 2017. With 7 million internet users in Tanzania, small businesses are using Instagram as an online mobile photo, video-sharing and social networking service enabling them take pictures and videos, and share them other users who are potential and existing customers (Gross, 2010). Both small and large businesses are using Instagram is an ideal promotion tool (Keating, 2015).Small InvestmentsSmall Investments also referred as Small Businesses are also referred to as Small and Medium Enterprises or Micro, Medium Enterprises. In Tanzania, small investments are described as those with the ability to engage or employ up to 4 with a capital amounting up to Tshs.5.0 million (SME policy, 2002). Tanzania Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Commerce estimate that at least 95% of business in Tanzania are small businesses and contribute about 35% of the country's Gross Development Product (GDP) making small business a crucial subject of discussion.This study is determined to find out how and why small businesses are adopting social media as a promotion tool. Mass media The twosome flow theory gave 4 | Page way to the multiples flow theory of mass communication or diffusion of innovation theory. Katz, Lieu (1973). The twosome flow of communication: an update report of an hypothesis. In Anis and Cox(des. ), Marketing Classics, Pl 751 93. Conceptual Framework In this framework, the source will be the local TV networks because they are the one who will dub the foreign cartoons. The message will be promotion of nationalism and patriotism to Filipino children who often watch Digitized cartoons.The mass media is the airing of Digitized cartoons. The opinion leaders 5 | page will be the parents of the children who often watch Digitized cartoons. They are the opinion leaders because the researchers will interview arenas from Magmata, Manila and Guenon City to know their opinion about Digitized cartoons and their opinion about it promoting nationalism or just to help children to understand the show better because it's dubbed t our national language. Lastly t he children are the public because they are the target audience of the local TV networks.Sass motion The reason why the local TV networks continue to air Digitized cartoons, is for Filipino children to understand the show better, because if the cartoons were in English, the people who use it as a second language far Outnumber those w ho speak it as a first language. It doesn't promote nationalism because its setting is from western and Asian countries. The shows are Digitized because they only want to help children that are not yet familiar or incapable of speaking English h to understand the shows better.Many parents discourage their children to watch h Digitized cartoons because it doesn't help them to enhance their English proficiency which is important nowadays because it's the universal language. Depend will not consider this as a promotion for nationalism because Of its stet inning. Significance of the Study The researcher's aim is to know the reasons why local networks intent ion to Digitize cartoons and do they really want to promote nationalism by 6 | page dubbing foreign cartoons in Filipino language and to know the advantages and disadvantages of watching Digitized cartoons.The significance of this study to local TV networks is to know their reason of airing Digitized cartoons, to parents, it's significance is to understand the TV networks' reason Of airing Digitized cartoons and does it really help their children to understand the show better, as per the children, it's significance is to know the lessons or will they benefit if they watch Digitized cartoons. This duty will help the viewers to understand why they should or shouldn't encourage their children to watch Digitized foreign cartoons.If they really want to promote nationalism, they should make a Toga sitcom or TV shows for children like Abbott, Sinkable and Heartwarming. Scope and Limitation The people that are involved in this study are the local TV networks like GAMMA, ABACAS and TV that a ir Digitized cartoons, Depend and the parents of the children who often watch Digitized foreign cartoons, the parents and children that the researchers will interview are coming from Magmata City, Patters, Tagging 7 | page ND Guenon City. In two months the researchers will be able to gather all the data that are needed in this study.Although this research is carefully prepared, there will be some unavoidable limitations like the limited availability of the local network and Depend representatives, weather and the location where the researchers will conduct their interview. The researchers will interview the parents of the children who often watch Digitized cartoons, their children and representatives from ABACAS, GAMMA and The researchers will interview them by the end of October. The researcher will conduct an interview with he parents and their children at their residence and the representatives will be interviewed at their office.Definition of terms Cartoons A cartoon is a form o f dimensional illustrated visual art. While the specific definition has changed over time, modern usage refers to a typically nonrealistic or semanticist drawing or painting intended for satire, caricature, or Depth Department of Education (abbreviated as Depend; Filipino: Quarrelsomeness's) is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for ensuring access to, promoting equity in, and 8 | page improving the quality of basic education. It is the main agency tasked to manage and govern the Philippine system of basic education.It is the chief formulator of Dubbed When videos from other countries have been translated. Foreign engage A language indigenous to another country. It is also a language not spoken in the native country of the person referred to. Mainstream It is the common current thought of the majority. It includes all popular culture and media culture, typically disseminated by mass media. Nationalism A feeling that people have of being loyal to and pr oud of their country often with the belief that it is better and more important Han other countries.

School Bullying

School bullying is a problem that persists in the society. It affects not only young children who are victims of bullying, but also the adults who were either themselves victims of bullying during their childhood or whose children are victimized. While there is no standard definition of bullying, it is generally interpreted as the â€Å"direct, physical aggression, as well as indirect behavior such as verbal threats† (Smith, 1999, p. 278). Indirect bullying might also include â€Å"leaving others out on purpose, spreading rumors to destroy another’s reputation or getting others to dislike another person† (Olweus). Tattum and Tattum in 1992 described bullying as â€Å"willful, conscious desire to hurt another and put him/her under stress† (Defining Bullying). Some describe it as the systematic abuse of power, and in the cases of children, is reinforced by the lack of awareness of their rights (Smith & Sharp, 1994). Psychologists agree that bullying behaviors occur repeatedly over time and that there is an imbalance of power between the bully and the victim. Smith (1999) also classifies bullying as a subcategory of aggressive behavior, particularly a vicious one, which is repeatedly directed towards a particular victim who is unable to defend effectively. Most focus on the physical aspects of bullying, but indirect bullying poses similar effects on the victims. Bullies seemingly get satisfaction from harming others, may it be physically or psychologically manifested. Studies show that bullies are quite outgoing and socially confident; they rarely show anxiety or guilt in asserting their social position through aggression (Smith & Sharp, 1994). On the other hand, the victims are often those who have no confidence, often exhibiting anxiety in their interactions with peers; they are unable to assert themselves, and they are unable to properly handle the aggression imposed upon them by bullies. Actions are being taken to prevent bullying. The problem in school bullying is that it is often hidden from the supervising adults because the victims are reluctant to complain, perhaps because of fear, while peer groups are also reluctant of providing information. Smith (1999) explained that bullying, at least in schools, exists as a part of the normal interactions between children with different backgrounds and personality characteristics.

President Jackson Guardian of the Constitution

With good intention of building a nation based on principles of freedom, opportunity, and equality, the United States early leaders had many struggles in doing so. A utopia world can be imagined and planned out, but tribulations will always occur, making a utopia impossible to be created. The Jacksonian Democrats viewed themselves as the guardians of the Constitution, individual liberty, and equal opportunity, but then again, tribulations are inevitable. Jacksonian Democrats took on the duty of defending the country from mostly outside powers, but also from problems that take place in the country. The Declaration gives the American man many rights, which can be, and will be abused. Document A explains how the Jacksonian's recognized this, and again, with good intent, they have assigned themselves as an organized party, with leaders of high meaning to protect any misuse of the said freedoms in the Declaration. President Jackson takes a commanding step in his faith of defending the country in his veto of the United States Bank re-charter showed in Document B. He gives a good argument for why the Bank is disrupting and harmful to the United States, and his veto is because he is trying to protect the United States. Document D shows how the United States was already very prospering, and the document really emphasizes the amazement of individual liberty. Never before, anywhere else in the modernized world was the a working democracy, but the United States seemed to be a very able country even with individual liberty. The writer claims she was â€Å"painfully amazed† when the question was up-rose of whether the people are encouraged to govern themselves, she was surprised because it looked as if it was a great environment. Document E tells of how a riot broke out in Philadelphia because of the issue of slavery, and black discrimination. This is a struggle that will always haunt those in power. The issue of slavery completely goes against the Democrat belief of individual liberty. The very unmoral view of the situation will claim that blacks are not considered humans, but property. Document E shows that South Carolina moves to suppress the non-slave states' publishing and printing. Document G shows how the United States took the rights of the Indians in the Indian Removal Act, which led to the Trail of Tears. The Indians were forced out of their living space, and had their rights abused. In Andrew Jackson's veto explained in Document B, it shows how he is defending the equal opportunity of the United States. He says, â€Å"It is to be regretted that the rich and powerful too often bend the acts of governments to their selfish purposes. † He is defending the common man and in doing so, he is also defending the Constitution. Equal Opportunity is also shown in Document F. South Carolina accepts the views of the non-slave states, but they realize the influence of of the non-slave states may be seen in the slave states, so they set restrictions on what they can print and publish in newspapers and pamphlets. They do not want the non-slave states to interrupt with their potential. The Jacksonian Democrats claimed to be defenders of the United States. They defended the Constitution, individual rights, and equal opportunity the best they could. But arguments and problems are always on the horizon, and sometimes defending them can turn someones actions on what they previously claimed their beliefs. For this, the Jacksonian Democrats were continuously challenged on their position on different subjects.

Case study on Online grocery stores in India Essay

This case study involves three retailers that engaged in alternative approaches to eGrocer strategy formulation. The primary goals were to assess the relationship between a company’s business model(s) and its performance in the online grocery channel and to determine if there were other company and/or market related factors that could account for company performance. The first company is BigBasket currently present in Mumbai, Hyderabad and Bangalore. The other one is Aaramshop which is a website that operates in National Capital Region of India and offers FMCG and CPG goods and the last one is Salt n Soap, Online Grocery Store in Kolkata operating out of Kolkata. First, we seek to achieve insight into how uptake of Internet-based eGrocer relates to management orientation and find relationships between the uptake of Internet-based eGrocer and entrepreneurial orientation, competitive intensity, and IT maturity. BIGBASKET see more:old age homes article Overview: BigBasket.com is India’s largest online food and grocery store. It has over 10,000 products ranging from fresh Fruits and Vegetables, Staples, Spices and Seasonings to FMCG branded products, Beverages, Personal care products, Meats and much more. The order is delivered right to the customer’s doorstep, anywhere in Bangalore, Mumbai & Hyderabad. Within a year, the company is planning to start services in Delhi and Chennai as well. Subsequently, it also plans to cater to Pune, Ahmedabad and Kolkata. The customer can schedule their delivery date and time (4 delivery slots per day). Payment options include cash on delivery, credit and debit cards or food coupons. The Company is co-founded by V.S.Sudhakar (Director), HariMenon (CEO and head merchandising), Vipul Parekh (head finance and marketing), Abhinay Choudhari (head customer service and business development) and V S Ramesh (Head logistics and Supply Chain). BigBasket’s Board of Directors include Meena and Ganesh K of Tutorvista. The average monthly order size stands at Rs 1,500. Since its inception, the company has seen demand grow 25-30 per cent on a month-on-month basis. Business Model: Once a customer registers on BigBasket.com he can browse the wide range of products, select the products he wants and place an order online. Internally the products are then picked, hygienically packed and delivered to the  customer in the time slot selected by the customer. BigBasket has tie-ups with manufacturers, wholesalers and importers and the merchandising teamwork on a combination of post order procurement and in house stocking. The service is unique as it lets customers shop for daily essentials from the comfort of their homes, saving them time, effort and money. The company provides high quality products at competitive prices along with an on time delivery guarantee. There are two operating models. It is called just-in-time model. This means that not just perishables but everything they bring against an order. So they consolidate orders for the day, go and buy the products and deliver. When they reach a particular volume, they move from the just-in-time mo del to what is called the warehouse stocking model. That is where they are as far as Bangalore is concerned. They buy products directly from the supplies, like Unilever and Procter & Gamble, they buy from farmers and mills and stock the products in the warehouse. They stock a certain number of days of sales, depending on the product and sales. They are able to set initial inventory levels and then decide what the re-ordering levels are. So it is all completely automated. Analysis: BigBasket’s business model relies on on-time delivery of goods, and in order to manage the operations smoothly and efficiently, it uses the hub-and-spoke mode of distribution. Here wholesalers deliver goods to BigBasket’s warehouses. Branded delivery vans then deliver these goods to the consumers. Perishables are only warehoused for a matter of hours, and in some cases it’s 24 hours from farm to fridge. It handles 1,500 plus orders a day in Bangalore and 700 plus orders a day in Mumbai and Hyderabad. The grocery store banks on technology-driven solutions to track everything from the time an order is placed to delivery. BigBasket uses AssetTrackr RestAPI interface to tightly integrate with the ERP system and handle all movement of trucks and delivery vehicles, notification to customers on estimated delivery times, etc. AssetTrackr’s real time location data helps achieve optimal vehicle utilization. AARAMSHOP Overview: AaramShop is a hybrid retail platform that enables sales and marketing of FMCG / CPG brands to â€Å"short on time – high on stress† consumers. It enables grocery shopping by leveraging the strengths of the  neighborhood retailers and integrates them with opportunities provided by the internet. AaramShop was founded by Vijay Singh, who, as an entrepreneur, has a deep focus and passion for brand marketing. Head-quartered in New Delhi, AaramShop is a small team of techies and marketers that have been operational since a little less than a year. Over 1900 retailers across 26 cities in India use AaramShop as their preferred commerce platform. Their tie-ups with retailers are based on mutual strengths. The retailer has a time-tested local presence, which includes an ability to deliver goods to the doorstep of the consumers in his catchment area. They intend to add to this strength with the increased accessibility of the shop on web and mobile devices. This is don e at no additional cost to the retailer. AaramShop currently lists over 12k SKUs. Only branded products are listed in AaramShop; commodities and private labels are excluded from their platform. The core idea of AaramShop is to enable independent retailers, who have a physical presence, to have a web-store, which allows them to connect better with modern consumers. Business Model: The business model of AaramShop is different from most e-commerce sites, as they do not believe that transaction based revenues is the way to go in the grocery category at the moment. AaramShop does not make revenues on taking part of the margins made by the grocers; rather, they have created a number of premium services that are offered to brands. These services are in various genres like, advertising options, on and off the platform, analytical led marketing and marketing at the retail point. The idea behind this unconventional and unique business model is that AaramShop does not disrupt the existing business practices and thereby ensures no escalation of costs. New Delhi-based AaramShop has partnered with retailers so that customers can shop at these local retailers online. Once logged in to the site, users can choose a local retailer and shop for groceries. AaramShop then sends the order to the retailer in real time. The groceries are delivered to the customerâ₠¬â„¢s doorstep and the customers pay for the goods upon delivery. They don’t keep any inventory and their partner retailers maintain their own inventories. There is no cost for the retailer to join AaramShop, they are basing their ability to get revenues by offering premium opt-in services offered to the brands. Analysis: The model does look scalable and rather interesting as compared to regular ecommerce shopping. There is no logistics cost that the startup incurs and it brings in the comfort of your local store as well. The only issue is predictability of order delivery as live inventory is not available online. The current format is more like providing one more interface to your regular grocery store, with the same issues and comforts. A more of ajax functionality would make the shopping process faster and avoid showing shopping bag page after every item is added. Unlike other online grocery delivery stores that become a threat to the small local businesses, AaramShop puts the ball back into the court of local businesses that had begun to feel underprivileged in this age of Internet. AaramShop has overcome three major hurdles of business. †¢It has convinced kiranawalas about the business model by putting them in touch with customers and being paid directly. †¢Secondly, it has convinced customers by eliminating the need for online payments. Furthermore, since customers can choose their own kiranawala, they can be assured of quality. †¢Thirdly, it has cut its own operational costs by eliminating the need to set up an inventory to stock goods or hire delivery boys. AaramShop is a great example of how you can optimize on the available resources to maximize your gains. AaramShop makes most of its money through ads of the numerous grocery brands it stocks on its portal. With a model like AaramShop, everybody is a winner – the suppliers, the consumers and the business itself! SALT N SOAP Overview: Salt n Soap, a BlueBeaks initiative, intends to provide its consumers a convenient, social, enjoyable and rewarding experience of shopping their daily grocery needs online from the comfort of their homes and offices. Started in November 2012, Salt n Soap (www.saltnsoap.com) is owned and operated by BlueBeaks Solutions LLP (www.bluebeaks.com). Though the services of booking daily grocery needs online and receiving timely delivery at the convenience of home or office are the basic foundations of Salt n Soap, Salt n Soap is more than just another online version of a hyper  mart, supermarket or a local kirana store. Salt n Soap intends to provide today’s busy urban consumers online tools for making their shopping experience social, enjoyable and rewarding. Salt n Soap enables this through the various social features of the website, engaging and interesting games and contests. Salt n Soap comes up with, and, last but not the least, the goldmine of information and analyt ics that facilitate a smarter buying decision. Apart from offering what conventional online grocery sites have to offer (i.e. online purchase, home delivery, discounted products, etc.), they have come up with quite a few innovative and engaging products and services that will catch attention of discerning customers. First, they are positioning online grocery services to â€Å"cash reach, time poor† segment of population, typically SEC A1 and A2 class of people, working couple with busy work schedule and very little time to do daily shopping chore. Hence, Salt n Soap position is more on â€Å"value† a customer derives by saving time rather than being just a â€Å"discount† shop. Business Model: Salt n Soap is a Kolkata-based outfit that has apparently pioneered the concept of â€Å"open analytics† in this space where customers can instantly summon a variety of data on a product like its market share, purchasing trends, and a comparison with what people in the same socio-economic class are buying. The site also lets you know when it thinks a particular product has run out, thanks to some nifty code, and pings you so you’re reminded to buy more of it. Consumers have access to a variety of data like market share of a product, purchase trend of a product, comparison of purchase trend with average pattern of people in the same SEC (Socio Economic Class). Consumers can maintain their budget for purchase and track their consumption compared to the budget. Salt n Soap also seem to have developed an algorithm that predicts (presumably reasonably accurately) the number of days of provision that a user has and thus prompting him/her when he should buy the same product again. Salt n Soap has integrated their product with social media to provide a social experience to their consumers. Consumers are also rewarded with redeemable points for sharing their shopping experience with their friends in social media. The website has been designed to enable users to shop through a â€Å"list† where he/she can select multiple products from one screen instead of having to navigate to multiple screens. Analysis: They seem to operate efficiently with very low capital investment. Plus they provide a lot of innovative value added features to consumers which are typically not available in a brick and mortar store. Some such features are a unique web front that allows customers to shop multiple products without having to navigate to many pages (remember, unlike some other products like books, apparels or jewelry, for groceries, customers buy many products at one time), providing personal shopping assistance, helping customers to plan and monitor their grocery budget and inventory, analytics on market share and sale trend of products, etc. Salt n Soap seemed to have understood that online shopping and especially grocery shopping is not about just providing a web front to the consumer allowing them to book an order and then delivering the goods to the consumer’s doorstep. They have introduced the concept of â€Å"Personal Shopping Assistance† where they promise to provide pe rsonalized assistance to consumers in buying through qualified professionals. Salt n Soap is constantly innovating on the features to ensure a more enriching and meaningful experience for its users. CHALLENGES OF ONLINE GROCERY BUSINESS Grocery is a pretty complex business from the back-end and supply chain perspective. The complexity is one of the biggest challenges. We deal with close to 8,000-10,000 SKUs. Order sizes are large. Typically at the beginning of the month you have 30-60 items in one order. That makes it very different from typical ecommerce businesses where you normally shift one or two products, it could be a camera or a mobile phone and so on. The back-end is complex because the supply chain is not yet efficient. You deal with a large number of vendors and suppliers and not all of them are organized. WHY ONLINE GROCERY RETAIL BURNS CASH †¢Lack of consistency in quality and fill rates †¢Delivery and inventory costs †¢Low repeat customer rates †¢Touch and feel nature of Indian shoppers †¢The supply chain in India is built to help kirana stores †¢Order value is  very low †¢Brands and distributors will not give long-term credit †¢Warehousing needs skill, technology is just a tool †¢Organized retail far from saturated Online grocery business in India: The grocery segment has one of the most predictable consumption patterns and buying these products online has a huge advantage. It follows that online groceries would be big business in India. The truth is no player has broken even and the market is littered with shutdowns across the country. It is estimated online groceries contribute less than one per cent of the total food and groceries market in India and an equally small percentage of the e-commerce market in India is dominated by travel, electronics and apparel. One of the biggest rivals of e-grocers is the local kirana store, which offers home delivery in many cities, often within an hour. But kirana shops lack the cost advantages to offer customers the best price, and cannot stock a wide range of products. CONCLUSION Online grocery has been a late entrant in e-commerce space in general (probably albeit due to early failure stories like Webvan), and in India, in particular. However, since 2011, quite a number of start-ups have launched online grocery stores all across India. They are generating reasonable amount of traffic and interest as well as good amount of venture capital funding. While no one doubts the eventual ascent of this segment, when that will happen and at what cost remain unanswered, primarily because of its single-digit margins, low order values and complex logistics, as well as the high cost of customer acquisition. So, few online groceries have been funded and fewer still will be able to get subsequent rounds of finance. The big difference is that there is a very large population on the Internet today. Today smart phones and smart devices allow customers to use the Internet on the go. More than half a dozen start-ups have launched online grocery stores in recent past. Working people, happy to have rice, sugar and even organic  pepper delivered to their doorstep, may wonder why no one thought of it sooner. There is, of course, room for growth. Within this category, the organised food and grocery market, is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 30 per cent in the next five years. Truly online grocery seems to have come to a different age from the time when the colossal failure of Webvan started by George Sheen hit the headlines in 2000 and someway led to the dotcom burst. Better IT infrastructure, more net savvy customers and leaner warehousing and logistics compared to the early stage start-ups in online grocery will probably make online grocery stores succeed now. Online grocery stores in India seem to have an inherent advantage over those started in the West because of comparatively lower labour costs. However, the flip side is poor logistics infrastructure in India.

Coke & Pepsi in india Essay

Q1) Identify the issues that are going on in this case with respect to issues management, crisis management, global business ethics, and stakeholder management. Rank these in terms of their order of priorities for Coca-Cola and PepsiCo. Q 2) Evaluate the corporate social responsibility (CSR) of Coke and Pepsi in India. Q 3) Are these companies ignoring their responsibilities in India? Or is something else at work? Q 4) why does it seem that Coke has become a larger and more frequent target than Pepsi in India? Did having and Indian born CEO help Pepsi’s case? Q5. How do companies protect themselves against non-stop allegations from special interest groups that have made them a target? Q 6) What should the companies have done differently in 2003 to address the water allegations? What should the company now do as it moves forward? Q 7) what lessons does this case present for MNC’s doing business in the global marketplace? The following lessons can be learned from this case for MNC’s doing business in the global marketplace: Coke & Pepsi in India Q1) Identify the issues that are going on in this case with respect to issues management, crisis management, global business ethics, and stakeholder management. Rank these in terms of their order of priorities for Coca-Cola and PepsiCo. Q 2) Evaluate the corporate social responsibility (CSR) of Coke and Pepsi in India. Q 3) Are these companies ignoring their responsibilities in India? Or is something else at work? Q 4) why does it seem that Coke has become a larger and more frequent target than Pepsi in India? Did having and Indian born CEO help Pepsi’s case? Q5. How do companies protect themselves against non-stop allegations from special interest groups that have made them a target? Q 6) What should the companies have done differently in 2003 to address the water allegations? What should the company now do as it moves forward? Q 7) what lessons does this case present for MNC’s doing business in the global marketplace? The following lessons can be learned from this case for MNC’s doing business in the global marketplace: Coke & Pepsi in India Q1) Identify the issues that are going on in this case with respect to issues management, crisis management, global business ethics, and stakeholder management. Rank these in terms of their order of priorities for Coca-Cola and PepsiCo. Q 2) Evaluate the corporate social responsibility (CSR) of Coke and Pepsi in India. Q 3) Are these companies ignoring their responsibilities in India? Or is something else at work? Q 4) why does it seem that Coke has become a larger and more frequent target than Pepsi in India? Did having and Indian born CEO help Pepsi’s case? Q5. How do companies protect themselves against non-stop allegations from special interest groups that have made them a target? Q 6) What should the companies have done differently in 2003 to address the water allegations? What should the company now do as it moves forward? Q 7) what lessons does this case present for MNC’s doing business in the global marketplace? The following lessons can be learned from this case for MNC’s doing business in the global marketplace: Coke & Pepsi in India Q1) Identify the issues that are going on in this case with respect to issues management, crisis management, global business ethics, and stakeholder management. Rank these in terms of their order of priorities for Coca-Cola and PepsiCo. Q 2) Evaluate the corporate social responsibility (CSR) of Coke and Pepsi in India. Q 3) Are these companies ignoring their responsibilities in India? Or is something else at work? Q 4) why does it seem that Coke has become a larger and more frequent target than Pepsi in India? Did having and Indian born CEO help Pepsi’s case? Q5. How do companies protect themselves against non-stop allegations from special interest groups that have made them a target? Q 6) What should the companies have done differently in 2003 to address the water allegations? What should the company now do as it moves forward? Q 7) what lessons does this case present for MNC’s doing business in the global marketplace? The following lessons can be learned from this case for MNC’s doing business in the global marketplace:

Engineering project management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Engineering project management - Assignment Example A large number of employees would increase the rate at which the work will be done and increasing chances of completing the project on time (Panneerselvam & Senthilkumar 2009). The contractor may also employ other technologies and equipment instead of using manpower. The use of machines instead of humans to do certain tasks is normally advantageous since the tasks can be done at high rates there by increasing the chances of completing the project on time (Nagarajan 2007). The contractor may also divide the project into small and more manageable units, and each unit should have a goal to achieve. As for the case of the company, the organization should give additional funding to contract so as to fund the additional works as well as fund additional manpower and/or any new equipment acquired for the task. Another solution that might help the company meet its aims is that the organization may consider subcontracting sections of the order while it is still waiting for the new equipment to be installed. (Word count: 248) Question 2: Safety and Health ramifications and Time scale a) Time scale ramifications Due to safety concerns associated with asbestos, the scope of the project is likely to be changed (removal of the existing duct and its contents). The changing of the scope would mean that other constrains such as time and cost will be adjusted accordingly (Kanda 2011). This means that the project deliverable (installing a new machine’s base) will not be produced on time. The consequence of not completing this project on time is dire to the company since the organization might lose an important order, and due to the cost investment made on the new equipment the organization might be forced to close down. This means that delaying the installation of the base of the new machine is not an option for the organization. b) Safety and Health ramifications Employees are amongst the most important elements for organizations; therefore, there health should be made pri ority (CCH 2009). In addition, safety of environments in which employees work must conform to occupational safety and health standards (Lingard & Rowlinson 2005). Compromising the health of workers by making them work alongside these asbestos ducts would affect health, and consequently their productivity will also be affected (CCH 2009). The organization may also risk being closed down for not following occupational safety standards and regulation. (Word count: 202) Question 3: Consequences of the organization following strict time scales regardless of the presence asbestos a) Consequences If the organization decides to meet the strict time scale without regarding the presence asbestos, the consequences may be dire to the organization. First, as earlier mentioned the employees of the organization may be exposed asbestos to limits more than those specified by occupational health and safety authorities of the region in the organization is operating. The result of this is that the empl oyees may contract heart and lung related ailments, which may in turn affect their productivity (CCH 2009). This means that the organization may fail to meet its current production levels as well as the sales target. Another consequence of following the strict deadline without regarding the presence of asbestos is that the organization may be closed down by the safety and health occupation authority in the area in which it is operating for violating the recommended threshold values of the asbestos.

Employee empowerment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Employee empowerment - Term Paper Example Empowering the employees makes the employees largely responsible for their actions to the company and thus helps in enhancing the productivity of the people. The practice of empowering the employees to perform the different tasks in an independent manner is observed to in fact change the existing polices and rules of the company making it adaptable to external demands. Empowerment of employees to take responsibilities does not only help in enhancing their productivity but rather makes them further loyal to their work and the company at large. Enthusiasm to take new and productive decisions happens to excite the employees to work in a team framework and thus enhances cooperativeness in the concern. However effective control is needed to be rendered in order to closely monitor the employees who have been empowered to act in an independent manner. This would help in enhancing managerial effectiveness and distribution of organizational workload (Messmer, 2006, p.279-280). Employee Empowe rment as a Business Process Empowering employees to perform within an organizational set helps the people gain all round productivity, effectiveness and efficiency. The practice of empowering the employees to act by them should not be viewed in an isolated fashion to other business actions. Rather such activities should be taken as a continuum to the existing business and human resource processes wherein the employees are taken as human beings and not as organizational machines. The process of empowering the employees helps in enlarging the job profile of the people by helping them to shoulder additional responsibilities. It also helps the people to understand the work in a more effective manner and thus enriches their cognitive abilities in dealing with specific situations. Further the process of empowering the employee gains effectiveness through the meeting of needed actions in which the people are required to be trained and motivated to handle newer responsibilities. The organiz ational managers must endeavor in letting the employees gain effective access to potential information which would be needed by them to take decisions in an independent fashion. This method helps in meeting the end goals of empowering employees. Finally the organizational managers must also endeavor in enhancing the interests of the employees to perform newer tasks and in such manner instills confidence in them. Empowerment as a business process helps in creating involvement of the employees with the objectives of the business organization and thus helps the internal people to become active participants in the change process (Speegle, 2009, p.86-89). The process of employee empowerment is best effective in regards to a flat organization structure wherein the employees can actively cooperate with their supervisors to help in accomplishing a certain business objective. Employee empowerment by dint of the above function is often correlated with the tenets of ‘Total Quality Improv ement’ and ‘Business Process Reengineering’. It is because the process helps in increasing the total productivity of the different organizational people and thus helps in

Operations Management in Action in Wal-Mart Term Paper

Operations Management in Action in Wal-Mart - Term Paper Example In addition, Wal-Mart is one of the most financially successful organizations worldwide, as well as topping the list of the biggest private employer companies, having more than two million workers. The Walton family controls up to 48% of Wal-Mart as its founding member was from the said family. Wal-Mart, whose headquarters is in Arkansas, has its shares publicly traded in the New York Stock Exchange since 1972 under the code NYSE:  WMT. The company’s main revenue earner is its grocery retailing business, which generates up to 51% of the company’s entire sales. In 2009, for instance, Wal-Mart’s grocery business generated impressive sales of up to $258 billion. In addition to running the Wal-Mart stores, Wal-Mart also operates the Sam’s Club retail warehousing units in the US (Frank, p. 14). Wal-Mart’s Operations Wal-Mart’s operations are based on the divisional structure, which encompasses three distinct divisions that are Sam’s Club, Wal-Mart Stores US and Wal-Mart International. These divisions are then split into different simplistic retail formats that include, among others, food and drugs, apparel stores; supercenters discount stores and general merchandise. While for the most part, Wal-Mart has had successful operations in the UK, South and North America, and China, its operations have been largely unsuccessful in nations such as South Korea and Germany. Wal-Mart has over the last years engaged in massive campaigns aimed at boosting its operations and efficacy by buying off companies such as Vudu, an entertainment company, in 2010. In addition, up to 40% of product range available in Wal-Mart stores comes from private label brands, although Wal-Mart also produces its own goods through contracts with other manufacturers such as Cott Beverages. Wal-Mart’s divisional operation structure entails separate and semi-autonomous divisions within the single corporation. As earlier cited, these include Samâ₠¬â„¢s Club, Wal-Mart Stores US and Wal-Mart International, Wal-Mart Realty and Superstores. All these divisions have individual goals and missions which are aligned to the overall mission of the entire group. The divisional operation structure of Wal-Mart entails an overall CEO who is also the chairman (Mike Duke) of the board of directors and under him there are directors and managers who oversee operations in individual company divisions. All organizational functions of the company are grouped into divisions, and each division contains all necessary resources it requires. Wal-Mart’s divisional operation design is based on both geographical and product basis where stores in different nations are grouped in a single division and stores dealing in certain products or services are grouped in another division (Stevenson, p. 154). In Wal-Mart’s operations, all divisional managers are tasked with overseeing the daily control and decision-making regarding individual stores. In addition, divisional managers are held accountable for divisions’ success or failures. All divisions have their own sales, marketing, engineering and accounting departments. This operational system is marred by a number of problems that will be highlighted in the subsequent section of this paper. Operations Management Problems Wal-Mart faces a number of critical issues as a result of its divisional opera

Accidental Heroes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Accidental Heroes - Essay Example They decided to break the rules for a noble purpose and emerged as heroes. This paper shall look into several movies where heroes are made by their deliberate decisions to violate the rules established by the society they live in, their government or their superiors. These movies are The Island, The Matrix, Percy Jackson and the Olympians: The Lightning Thief, and Ironman 2. The theme about violating established rules and emerging as a hero at the end is apparently not only common but widely accepted among both filmmakers and moviegoers. The Island The 2005 movie The Island is a futuristic movie set in the year 2019 where a company has perfected the science of human cloning. They then capitalized on this technology by selling very expensive health insurance policies to the wealthy people who want to live forever. The clients were told that the company is keeping a stock of cloned body parts which they will use for perfectly compatible organ transplants. The clients are unaware that w hat the company has at their facility is a community of clones who are then killed in order to harvest the needed human organs. The accidental hero in the person of Lincoln Six-Echo is one of the clones living in the highly secluded and closely-monitored facility. They were not allowed to interact with one another. They were made to believe that they were the last survivors of the human race and they vied for a spot in â€Å"The Island† which is supposedly the last frontier of the earth. Their every move is being monitored and there are rules for everything. If curiosity killed the cat, Lincoln Six-Echo’s inquisitive nature saved him and the others. He had a lot of questions about the things around him and about what they are told to believe. And he searched for answers. When he asked his friends and the authorities at the facility, he does not get straight answers so he decided to take the risk of violating the facility’s rules and find the answers himself. The movie went on to reveal the truth and narrates the adventures of Lincoln Six-Echo outside the facility where he finally found out that the people in the facility are â€Å"copies of people out here in the world† (The Island). If he did not take the risk of violating the rules which was strictly and oppressively implemented inside the facility, Lincoln Six-Echo would not know about who and what he really was. Moreover, he would not be able to save himself and his friend, Jordan Two-Delta, who had already won her ticket to â€Å"The Island†. If he did not violate the rules in his confined world, the insurance company’s sinister business would not be exposed into the open and its clients would remain oblivious to the fact that someone identical to them had to die in order for them to live. The Matrix The matrix is by far the most intellectual and thought-provoking film I have ever seen. Admittedly, I had to watch it a second time to listen and fully absorb the dia logues, and a third time to fully and completely comprehend what the movie is all about. Although this movie is packed with action sequences and dazzling special effects, one can only fully understand the true meaning and message of the movie by absorbing every word in its limited dialogues. The Matrix tells about a post-apocalypse earth where humans are controlled by machines. Humans lay asleep in pods while their minds are inside a virtual reality program called the matrix. Inside the matrix, the minds of sleeping bodies live â€Å"normal† lives where they work, eat, sleep and die. However, in the real world, that is, outside of the matrix system, people are unconscious in a honeycomb of pods with tubes attached to their bodies and where â€Å"the machines liquefy the dead to feed the living†

Income inequality, how the gap is getting bigger Term Paper

Income inequality, how the gap is getting bigger - Term Paper Example that the gap between the rich and the poor is the most important economic issue facing the world today and this poses a great danger to social stability as well as democracy. Income inequality is caused by different levels of education, the social status that an individual or group occupy as well as their race and gender. The inequality can lead to severe consequences such as increase in crime, low life expectancy and affects the social bonding. The widening income inequality impacts on social relation creating mistrust, anxiety and competition for status. In the United States, income inequality is measure by the standard method referred to as Gini coefficient. The gap has tremendously increased as seen in the recent past and is said to be highest since the 1920s, the income of the rich one percent rose with a twenty percent whereas that of the remaining ninety nine percent went up by just one percent( Ryscavage, 1999) . Research studies on national wealth showed that the top one percent of the wealth Americans controlled about forty percent of the nation’s wealth (Ryscavage, 1999). Their income increased by about two hundred and seventy five comparing that to just under forty percent increase for the sixty percent middle class earners (Ryscavage, 1999). Unlike in the past when the rich had their income from wealth accumulated from past generation today the rich Americans belong to the working class who are employees paid highly or are entrepreneurs. They have the central believe that you should work tirelessly to make your mon ey, their culture is capitalistic in nature for instance they acknowledge that you might be poor but work and get money. Americans have the widest gap between the rich and the poor than any other advanced economy in the world what is of much more concern is that it does not bother most people, the poor struggle to join the higher class rather than work towards achieving equality. The main goal is to achieve economic growth this is the

IASB improved conceptual framework for financial reporting Essay

IASB improved conceptual framework for financial reporting - Essay Example Legal entities of different types of ownership are obliged to comply with regulations in financial reporting, stated in the national accounting standards. But the current process of economic and business globalisation caused the necessity of a common set of standards that could be applied in many countries, providing the consistency and uniformity of accounting and financial reporting throughout the world.Thus, in 2001 the special International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) has been established in the UK in order to design standards, intended to attain a global acceptance. If a company complies with the international accounting standard, it will likely achieve a faithful representation of its financial performance; as well as it will provide the basis for analysis of the company’s position on the global market and further prospects for development of its business. Such information is extremely useful for different stakeholders helping them to make better decisions concerni ng the company. The â€Å"decision-usefulness† approach in accounting has been known even from the 1930-40s. Currently it is laid at the heart of the Conceptual Framework of Financial Reporting, which is being developed by the IASB in collaboration with the US Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). This essay is aimed to analyse critically the IASB’s Framework, in particular, regarding the objectives of financial reporting and qualitative characteristics of financial reporting information. ... at that time conceptual frameworks with a common standard, which was intended to be â€Å"sound, comprehensive, and internally consistent† (IASB, 2006. p.8). Boards were primarily motivated by two objectives – firstly, to provide convergence of existing frameworks, and, secondly, to secure an improvement of the decision-usefulness approach in financial reporting. The fundamental principles of the new conception were adopted from several previous documents. A monograph â€Å"A Statement of Basic Accounting Theory†, published in 1966 by the American Accounting Association, emphasised that information ensuing from a process of accounting is more important than the process itself; it defined an accounting as â€Å"†¦identifying, measuring, and communicating economic information to permit informed judgements and decisions by users of the information.† (Lewis & Pendrill, 2004, p. 3) Another important document, which has begun to refocus the accounting polic y from stewardship to providing information useful for various stakeholders, is the Trueblood Committee report â€Å"Objectives of Financial Statements† (1973). It formulated an objective of financial statements as: â€Å"to provide information useful to investors and creditors for predicting, comparing, and evaluating potential cash flows to them in terms of amount, timing, and related uncertainty† (Zeff, 1999, p. 100). In July 2006 the first concept of IASB Framework was published in the form of a Discussion Paper. It defines the objective of financial reporting as â€Å"†¦to provide information that is useful to present and potential investors and creditors and others in making investment, credit, and similar resource allocation decisions† (IASB, 2006, p.18, OB2). This objective could be achieved if provided information

Modern Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Modern Philosophy - Essay Example Leibnitz seeks to avoid the pure isolation of the mind from the body as in the case of Descartes. Monads are established as the most simple substance of which there are no parts or extensions (paragraphs 1 and 2). In paragraph 6 "monads have no windows" and hence are self-existing in a way. Leibnitz must explain what he means. Monads are different from each other because it is impossible for there to be the same thing in nature or else one thing would not be "discernible form another", things or monads must have an "internal difference" (p. 9). These differences are created from internal causes (p. 11). It is these internal causes which can make something that is itself, different or cause it to change and appear different. We are aware of our perceptions of these things, or of the thing that is undergoing change. Descartes was mistaken not to treat perception as a way of giving us what a thing and its changes are. Hence Descartes was left with the mind and or consciousness standing by itself. Leibnitz explains that perception represents "a multiplicity in the unit" of the simple substance. This is his way of saying that the mind cannot be separated from consciousness of the body. At paragraph 17, Leibnitz says that "...perception and that which depends upon it are inexplicable on mechanical grounds." That which recognizes substance and its various attributes cannot be based on the "figures and motions", or logic. Leibnitz in 15 has explained that it is Appetition or desire which is able to move from one perception to its wholeness or to new perceptions. If one were to move from the mind to the body, it would take not mere thought, but "Appetition or desire" to place these two together as a collective unit. Monads, as simple substances, are immaterial and have no extension. Yet they have their own perspective and something gives them extension and purpose. They have a certain self-sufficiency based on their internal activities. In paragraph 19 Leibnitz says tha t perception could allow simple substances to have souls, but that this is not possible unless perception is accompanied by memory. Mind gives monads or simple substances extension, purpose and identity. Whereas Descartes would say there is mind without body, Liebnitz would argue that there can be no mind without body. Mind and body are both monads, but the point is that it is the mind which is able to recognize the perception of the body or a rock outside the body with extension and secondary qualities such as color and taste. Humans are able to think empirically, such that there will be "daylight tomorrow." This is evidence the rational ability that humans have, and the knowledge of necessary and eternal truths that give us Reason and distinguishes us from animals (p. 29). Truth derives from the two great principles of contradiction (p. 31), and of sufficient reason (p. 32). These both refer to the two kinds of truths, reasoning is based on the principle of contradiction, and deal s with necessary truths that are found by analysis, such as in mathematics. The principle of sufficient reason allows for contingent truths, or truths based on fact (p. 36). By establishing the concept of simple substances first, Liebnitz is able to move the concept of self-identity as a truth. There cannot be substance with the mind's perception of it. Even the mind has

Business Online Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Online - Essay Example The main trend in B2B e-commerce that dominates the business market in this computer age is the use of a webpage, more specifically known as a company's website. A true business entrepreneur would come up with a site that carries detailed information about the services that its company offers, enables visit to buy products or services online. This is due to the reality that online buying, selling, and trading is extremely fast and convenient. Consumers, even giant business establishments, are inclined to make dealings in the most fitting mode. Thus, the easiest mode to enhance profits is through a company website. This exchange of thoughts and sharing of contacts affect business giants such as Microsoft as well as a local business as small as an online Auto parts sale. It is true that when businessmen want to hire services or make a purchase, they are hardly ever concerned with the way the thing is presented.

Ethics in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ethics in Business - Essay Example With respect to the case of Hugo seeking to present his opinion with regards to the new product line that is being marketed, this specific analysis will focus upon three distinct questions and the means through which an ethical interpretation of this specific issue can be affected. Accordingly, the first question will be concentric upon representing the ethical issues that are demonstrated and coming to an ethically reasoned course of understanding with respect to the best practices that could be exhibited by Hugo. The second question focuses upon the most challenging aspects of this analysis and the use and application of ethical theory to make the relevant decisions. Finally, the third question helps to review the experience and provide a discussion and analysis upon how the course module has helped in affecting an ethical decision-making structure within sections 1 and 2. It is the further hope of this author that the analysis will be useful in not only representing the overall le vel of knowledge which was gained within the course but also helping to craft a very realistic and likely scenario that could have a great deal of relevance with regards the way in which future ethical business decision-making is engendered. Question 1: Firstly, rather than being overwhelmed by the complexity of this specific case, it is necessary to understand that a seven step utilitarian method of understanding can be applied to the marketing approach and concerns that Hugo represents. This seven step approach includes the following: the representation of the facts, the representation of the ethical issues, a discussion of the alternatives, a discussion and representation of the stakeholders, and analysis of the ethical alternatives, a discussion and analysis of practical constraints, and a discussion and analysis of which actions to take and why. Firstly, with regards to a discussion of fact, it must be understood that Hugo has already presented a profound level of research whic h helps to denote the fact that individuals who are measurably less attractive than average experience a great deal of physical and psychological harm throughout the course of their lives. The psychological harm is oftentimes in direct due to the fact that individuals within society actively judge them and determine themselves as somehow better than those who are physically less appealing than they are. By means of comparison, the physical drawbacks that had previously been denoted are oftentimes secondary and in direct; resulting from the fact that an individual who experiences the primary censure and ridicule that society is able to pour upon them for being physically less appealing than their counterparts can have a litany of different negative impact upon the overall health and longevity of the individuals. This oftentimes takes place with regards to an increased level of heart disease, high blood pressure, and a litany of different issues. Secondly, the ethical issues involved in this case necessarily are concentric upon the question of whether or not a particular marketer has an ethical responsibility to represent their products in a thoughtful and societally conscious manner. From a review of history, it can and must be noted that marketers helped to engender and promote biases, norms, and/4 sexism, racism, or levels of xenophobia. Accordingly, one does not need to look into the distant past to realize that marketers

Carbon footprint assigment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Carbon footprint assigment - Assignment Example At present, the outstanding challenge that is facing the human race is global warming, and its most pressing requirement is radically reducing our carbon footprint (Stuart 3) Daily driving cause’s carbon footprint in that fuel is burnt by the engine when driving thus, creating a certain amount of CO2 depending on the distance of driving and the car’s fuel consumption. For people who drive long distances daily, travel could be the largest part of their carbon footprint. The daily driving range is the most polluting thing that is done by most people. When burning gasoline, it releases pollutants that cause water pollution, global warming, and smog. The scientific press is full of dire warnings as to our collective fate if we fail to effect a very substantial reduction in carbon emission and to do so quickly (Stuart 4) In order to change this, the focus should be on saving the energy and reducing the carbon cause. First, it is vital improving fuel economy of the car. This can be achieved by reducing the energy used when overcoming resistance from road and air, braking, and accelerating. Additionally, public transport such as trains and buses should be used instead since compared to driving they are a less carbon-intensive way to travel. Moreover, people should drive less to reduce their driving footprint. Driving and cycling are also good substitutes for short driving distance that are carbon intensive. There may be no easy solution to the problem generating the carbon footprint but the parameters of the debate do not need to be established, different and all, so that we can determine what most at issue is (Stuart 18) There are various challenges that will be faced when changing the daily driving distance that causes carbon emission. We must address urgently the dilemma of ways to persuade trade-off that is possibly the best between survivals economically and ecological disaster (Stuart 21). From a

The Interpretation of Umbrella Clause in Investment Treaties Essay

The Interpretation of Umbrella Clause in Investment Treaties - Essay Example However, umbrella clause has been widely debated in academic discussions and arbitral practices during the recent years4. Commentators have illustrated the argument in terms of interpretation the umbrella clause in investment treaties that derived from different tribunals in order to know whether breaching contractual obligations amount to violating treaty obligations. Within the context of this argument, tribunals will be able to know if they have the jurisdiction to hear claims arising from an alleged investment contract breach. This essay aims to analyse the interpretation of umbrella clause in investment treaties. In the subsequent part of this paper first, the definition of umbrella clause has been provided according to some commentators, and different formulations of the umbrella terms have also been included in the part. Subsequent to that, the background of umbrella clause is accounted for. ... 1. Definition of Umbrella Clause Some authors and commentators tried during the last decade to explain the meaning of umbrella clause. Dolzer and Schreuer represented it as â€Å"a provision in an investment protection treaty that guarantees the observation of obligations assumed by the host state vis-a-vis the investor†.5 Moreover, Gallagher and Shan introduced the umbrella clause by revealing that the clause is taken its name from its main objective namely in order to â€Å"oblige the host state to observe any commitments it has entered into with regard to foreign investors†.6 Some also assume that the umbrella clause could be extended to beyond what it created for, as F.A. Mann stated that the umbrella clause â€Å"is a provision of particular importance in that it protects the investor against any interference with his contractual rights, whether it results from a mere breach of contract or legislative or administrative act†.7 As a matter of fact, umbrella cl ause is also known as ‘mirror effect’, ‘pacta sunt servanda clause’, ‘parallel effect’, ‘elevator’, ‘respect clause’ and ‘sanctity of contract’. Yet, the limit of subject matter rationale materiae jurisdiction does not remain uniform under the BITs.8 Some BITs encompass disputes pertaining to an ‘obligation under the agreement’ only for claims of violations of BIT. Other BITs extend the jurisdiction to ‘any dispute relating to investments’. Some others construct an international law obligation that a host state shall, for instance, ‘constantly guarantee the observance of the commitments it has entered to’; ‘observe any obligation it has assumed’, in respect to investments.9 Thus, a breach of such an obligation may consist of

Analyze Abbott Laboratory's strategic response to compulsory licensing Article

Analyze Abbott Laboratory's strategic response to compulsory licensing - Article Example Abbott laboratory strategically responded to compulsory licensing by publicly announcing that it is going to withdraw the pending applications for selling current medicines in Thailand. Applications for seven medicines were withdrawn by Abbott. The medicines which Abbott withdrew their applications were Aluvia, Brufen, Abbotic, Clivarine, Humira, Tarka and Zemplar. It decided not to introduce new drugs in Thailand since the actions displayed by Thailand’s government did not respect patents. Several advantages and disadvantages can be associated with abbot laboratory’s strategic response to compulsory licensing (Baron, 2008). Strategic response employed by Abbot Laboratory proved to be advantageous since it created room for negotiation. Abbott’s strategic response made Thailand government to realize how important the organization is in pharmaceutical industry. Its strategic response made Thailand government to raise several complaints. This therefore made world health organization to intervene and discussed with Abbott on how to market its products in developing countries, including Thailand. Abbott’s strategic response also had some weaknesses. The response had a serious effect on patients. It deprived innocent individuals who seriously required lifesaving drugs. The strategic response also showed that Abbott laboratory lacks social responsibility and only mind about maximizing its profits. From the discussion, it is clear that Thailand easily issued compulsory licensing for Abbott laboratory product, causing the organization to angrily react. Abbott angrily reacted to the action by stopping introducing new medicines in Thailand. This strategic response created room for negotiation and caused serious effects on patients and company’s

Emiratisation in the UAE Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 12500 words

Emiratisation in the UAE - Thesis Example They believe that the organizational culture in the private sector employment is not according to their personality and their diversity is not helping to achieve the required level of organizational performance. In addition to that, the young Emiratis also face the language problem. The normal language in the private sector employment is English and it is highly required that employees must understand and communicate with the use of English language. Unfortunately, a considerable number of Emiratis do not have frequency while communicating with the use of English language. This situation further adds fuel to the fire of their perceptions about the private sector employment. In addition to that, they face the issue of career development as well. Many Emiratis have not been given opportunity to understand their career roadmap so that they become in a position to determine and decide their future career track. In this regard, the absence of career counseling is also considerably contrib uting. Moreover, the charm in the public sector employment does not allow the young Emiratis to apply in the private sector employment. Currently, more and more young Emiratis are showing their keen interest in the public sector employment and they admire that the workplace environment, flexible working hours, attractive remuneration packages and benefits are those factors that attract the young Emiratis to only consider the public sector employment as a worthwhile opportunity and at the same time, this works as discouraging factor to applying to the private sector employment. On the other hand, the private sector employers have also developed strange beliefs about the locals. They believe that the locals are less inclined to work and are more inclined to avoid private sector work. They believe that the locals have different lifestyle and at the same time they contend that the locals have not much to offer in the shape of interpersonal skills, communication skills, expertise and

My Experience with Mother Hens and Their Families Essay Example for Free

My Experience with Mother Hens and Their Families Essay The purpose of our sanctuary on the Virginia Eastern Shore is to provide a home for chickens who already exist, rather than adding to the population and thus diminishing our capacity to adopt more birds. For this reason we do not allow our hens to hatch their eggs in the spring and early summer as they would otherwise do, given their association with the roosters in our yard. All of our birds have been adopted from situations of abandonment or abuse, or else they were no longer wanted or able to be cared for by their previous owners. Our two-acre sanctuary is a fenced open yard that shades into tangled wooded areas filled with trees, bushes, vines, undergrowth and the soil chickens love to scratch in all year round. It also includes several smaller fenced enclosures with chicken-wire roofs, each with its own predator-proof house, for chickens who are inclined to fly over fences during chick-hatching season, and thus be vulnerable to the raccoons, foxes, owls, possums and other predators inhabiting the woods and fields around us. I learned the hard way about the vulnerability of chickens to predators. Once, a hen named Eva, who had jumped the fence and been missing for several weeks, reappeared in early June with a brood of eight fluffy chicks. This gave me a chance to observe directly some of the maternal behavior I had read so much about. We had adopted Eva into our sanctuary along with several other hens and a rooster confiscated during a cockfighting raid in Alabama. Watching Eva travel around the yard, outside the sanctuary fence with her tiny brood close behind her, was like watching a family of wild birds whose dark and golden feathers blended perfectly with the woods and foliage they melted in and out of during the day. Periodically, at the edge of the woods, Eva would squat down with her feathers puffed out, and her peeping chicks would all run under her wings for comfort and warmth. A few minutes later, the family was on the move again. Throughout history, hens have been praised for their ability to defend their young from an attacker. I watched Eva do exactly this one day when a large dog wandered in front of the magnolia tree where she and her chicks were foraging. With her wings outspread and curved menacingly toward the dog, she rushed at him over and over, cackling loudly, all the while continuing to push her chicks behind herself with her wings. The dog stood stock still  before the excited mother hen, and soon ambled away, but Eva maintained her aggressive posture of self-defense, her sharp, repetitive cackle and attentive lookout for several minutes after he was gone. Eva’s behavior toward the dog differed radically from her behavior toward me, demonstrating her ability to distinguish between a likely predator and someone she perceived as presenting no dire threat to her and her chicks. She already knew me from the sanctuary yard, and though I had never handled her apart from lifting her out of the crate she’d arrived in from Alabama several months earlier, when I started discreetly stalking her and her family, to get the closest possible view of them, the most she did when she saw me coming was dissolve with her brood into the woods or disappear under the magnolia tree. While she didn’t see me as particularly dangerous, she nevertheless maintained a wary distance that, over time, diminished to where she increasingly brought her brood right up to the sanctuary fence, approaching the front steps of our house, and ever closer to me but not too close just yet. When she and her chicks were out and about, and I called to her, â₠¬Å"Hey, Eva,† she’d quickly look up at me, poised and alert for several seconds, before resuming her occupation. One morning, I looked outside expecting to see the little group in the dewy grass, but they were not there. Knowing that mother raccoons prowled nightly looking for food for their own youngsters in the summer, I sadly surmised they were the likely reason that I never saw my dear Eva and her chicks again. Inside the sanctuary, I broke the no chick-hatching rule just once. Upon returning from a trip of several days, I discovered that Daffodil, a soft white hen with a sweet face and quiet manner, was nestled deep in the corner of her house in a nest she’d pulled together from the straw bedding on the dirt floor. Seeing there were only two eggs under her, and fearing they might contain embryos mature enough to have well-developed nervous systems by then, I left her alone. A few weeks later on a warm day in June, I was scattering fresh straw in the house next to hers, when all of a sudden I heard the tiniest peeps. Thinking a sparrow was caught inside, I ran to  guide the bird out. But those peeps were not from a sparrow; they arose from Daffodil’s corner. Adjusting my eyes, I peered down into the dark place where Daffodil was, and there I beheld the source of the tiny voice a little yellow face with dark bright eyes was peeking out of her feathers. I kneeled down and stared into the face of the chick who looked intently back at me, before it hid itself, then peeked out again. I looked closely into Daffodil’s face as well, knowing from experience that making direct eye contact with chickens is crucial to forming a trusting, friendly relationship with them. If chickens see people only from the standpoint of boots and shoes, and people don’t look them in the eye and talk to them, no bond of friendship will be formed between human and bird. I’ve seen this difference expressed between hens we’ve adopted into our sanctuary from an egg production facility, for example, and chickens brought to us as young birds or as someone’s former pet. Former egg-industry hens tend to look back at me, not with that sharp, bright, direct focus of a fully confident chicken, but with a watchful opacity that no doubt in part reflects their having spent their entire previous lives in cages or on crowded floors in dark, polluted buildings that permanently affected their eyes before coming to our sanctuary. Psychologically, it’s as if they’ve pulled down a little curtain between themselves and human beings that does not prevent friendship but infuses their recovery with a settled strain of fear. I’ll say more about these hens presently. From the very first, a large red rooster named Francis regularly visited Daffodil and her chick in their nesting place, and Daffodil acted happy and content to have him there. Frequently, I found him quietly sitting with her and the little chick, who scrambled around both of them, in and out of their feathers. Though roosters will mate with more than one hen in the flock, a rooster and a hen will also form bonds so strong that they will refuse to mate with anyone else. Could it be that Francis was the father of this chick and that he and Daffodil knew it? He certainly was uniquely and intimately involved with the pair, and it wasn’t as though he was the head of the  flock, the one who oversaw all of the hens and the other roosters and was thus fulfilling his duty in that role. Rather, Francis seemed simply to be a member of this particular family. For the rest of the summer, Daffodil and her chick formed a kind of enchanted circle with an inviolable space all around themselves, as they roamed together in the yard, undisturbed by the other chickens. Not once did I see Francis or any of the other roosters try to mate with Daffodil during the time she was raising her frisky chick the little one I named Daisy who grew up to be Sir Daisy, a large, handsome rooster with white and golden-brown feathers.

Sertive style Essay Example for Free

Sertive style Essay â€Å"A Telephone Call† by Dorothy Parker is a short story that focuses on a woman waiting for a man to call her. He told her, â€Å"I’ll call you at five, darling† (Parker, 1) but as time passes he still has not called. She begins to bargain with God by begging Him to make the man call her as well as by keeping her from calling the man (Parker, 1). The woman in this short story takes a classic lamb’s approach to asserting herself. She begs and pleads with God by attempting to make her reasoning and logic seem sound while also attempting to make God feel compassionate towards her strong desire to have the man call her as he said he would. The lamb’s approach to assertiveness is not effective nor is it appropriate for a grown woman to use in her quest to get what she wants (Sichel, 14). Instead, Sichel suggests that the most effective form of assertiveness is the self-assertive style which does away with the threatening and whining that accompany other forms of assertiveness (14). Assertive style #1 is based on avoidance and using tactics to evoke guilt, to manipulate, to bully, to scare or to threaten (Sichel, 15). In â€Å"A Telephone Call† the woman uses the guilt tactic in order to try to get God to make the man call her immediately. She uses phrases such as, â€Å"let him call me now† or â€Å"I won’t ask anything else of you† (Parker, 1) in order to try to get God to feel sorry for her and to guilt Him into making the man call. As the story progresses, the woman begins to take a whining approach to convincing God to prompt the man to call right away. She rambles on about why he may not have called yet but then continues to plead with God to make the telephone ring. This technique is highly ineffective in getting what one wants because whining is very annoying and is particularly irritating coming from a grown woman. Attempting to make God do anything is a fruitless pursuit to begin with and adding pleading and begging to the mix is not an effective way to get what one wants. Assertive style #2 is concerned with narcissistic exaggeration that uses black and white statements to evoke a sense of drama into assertive statements. The lamb’s approach to assertiveness using this style depends on the use of phrases such as, â€Å"you’re never† and â€Å"it’s impossible† (Sichel, 15). The woman in â€Å"A Telephone Call† uses similar phrases in her attempt to get God to make the telephone ring. The woman also gets quite dramatic as is evident in her ramblings about possible reasons why the man has not called yet. She begins to wonder if he does not like her as she thought he did and goes on to believe that God is angry with her which leads to the ultimate dramatic expression that she wishes the man were dead (Parker, 1). Further, her constant waffling back and forth evokes a strong sense of drama into the short story because one second she is trying to convince herself that there is a very good reason why the man has not called yet and the next second she is wishing him ill will or even death (Parker, 1). Again, this type of assertiveness is neither effective nor mature. Phrases that use words such as â€Å"never† and â€Å"impossible† are highly dramatic because they are words that display exaggeration rather than problem solving techniques. Drama rarely leads to positive solutions but usually leads to the mind going off on tangents that never solve anything as is the case in â€Å"A Telephone Call. † Assertive style #3 focuses on the disavowel of assertion in order to appear nice. The lamb’s approach to using this assertive style is to appear nice by using such phrases as, â€Å"don’t you think it would be good? † (Sichel, 15). This type of questioning allows a person to get their anger out while also using a nice tone of voice in hopes that they will still get what they want. The woman in â€Å"ATelephone Call† is a master at this technique. During her pleading with God she says, â€Å"Ah, don’t let my prayer seem too little to you God† (Parker, 1). The reader is well aware of how desperate and angry the woman is becoming as the story progresses but the way she phrases this question evokes niceness without backing down on the anger. Similarly, she later asks God, â€Å"Are you punishing me God, because I’ve been bad? † (Parker, 1). It is clear from this statement that she is getting increasingly desperate and angry while also realizing that yelling and screaming at God will get her nowhere. This technique is not effective either. God, and most humans as well, can tell the difference between a sincere assertive question and an angry rant disguised by a nice tone of voice. The woman in this story is clearly desperate but goes about stating her case to God in an immature and childish way that garners no results. Assertive style #4 deals with indirect and evasive techniques instead of strong assertive behavior. The lamb’s approach to this style is to mask tough questions with gentle phrases such as, â€Å"do you think you might want to? † (Sichel, 15). Once again the woman in â€Å"A Telephone Call† uses this style in order to convince God to make the telephone ring. She does not ever come right out and say something truly assertive by telling God specifically what she wants and why it is important to her. Instead, she takes on a whining and manipulative tone of voice that relies on pleading and begging to get what she wants. At one point in the story she says, â€Å"I’ll be good, God. I will try to be better, I will, if you will let me see him again. If you will let me telephone me. Oh, let him telephone me now† (Parker, 1). These types of statements are whiny and manipulative and do not focus on the reasons why the woman wants God’s help and reassurance. Instead, they focus on pleading with God in the hopes that He will get tired of listening to her begging and grant her request. This type of assertiveness is rarely effective because it relies on the breaking point of humans in order to get what one wants. It is similar to a child whining until his or her parents get tired of hearing it and just give in to make it stop. Assertive style #5 deals with the issue of denial of ownership. The lamb’s approach to this style is to mask anger with words such as â€Å"never† (Sichel, 16). The woman in â€Å"A Telephone Call† uses this technique throughout the short story as she continues to bargain with God in hopes that the man will call. Towards the end of the story the woman’s begging and pleading begin to focus on God himself and the fact that he cannot possibly understand what she is going through. â€Å"You don’t know how it feels. You’re so safe, there on your throne, with the blue swirling under you. Nothing can touch you; no one can twist your heart in his hands† (Parker, 1). Again, instead of clearly stating her reasons why she hopes God can help her, she puts the blame on God. She takes the ownership of the problem off of herself and tries to make God see that, as a human woman, she is truly suffering, which is something that she does not feel God is taking seriously enough. Instead of talking with God about what her possible role in the problem could be, she makes herself appear to be an angel while the man who does not call and the entire situation are made to appear as the evil ones. This is not an effective assertive technique because it does not require a person to take responsibility for the problem as well as the eventual solution. Similar to the other styles, it relies on whining and begging and other childish behavior rather than adult behavior. â€Å"A Telephone Call† is a highly entertaining and amusing story. If the woman in the story had used the lion’s approach to assertiveness the story would have taken a dangerous and angry turn which would not have produced such an enjoyable story. Similarly, if the woman had taken the self-assertive approach in the story it would have turned out rather boring. However, this is a story and the lamb’s approach to assertiveness is neither amusing nor effective in real life. If a real woman had a similar problem and strongly wished for a man to call her she may indeed turn to God for help. However, in order to effectively state her case and make her wishes known there are several suggestions and recommendations she should follow in order to ensure that she is taking the very best approach to getting what she wants and avoiding the type of drama that the woman in the story displayed. First, she must eliminate all whining and manipulation. These tactics result in an avoidance of the true problem and makes the woman appear immature and desperate instead of assertive enough to state her case in a strong tone of voice. Second, the woman in the story would have been much more effective if she would have avoided narcissistic exaggeration and drama. These just add additional hurdles to overcome when trying to get what one wants. Instead, the woman would have been more effective if she would have told God why she thought the man should call and why it was so important to her to have him call. It would also be effective to remember to say â€Å"please† and â€Å"thank you† while making the request. Similarly, the woman would have been more successful if she had simply stated her case without trying to sugarcoat her anger. This is rarely effective because it makes a person appear fake rather than genuine. The woman should have explicitly stated what she wanted from God and politely requested that He work with her to find a solution. At the same time, the woman was also indirect and evasive when she was trying to convince God to make the telephone ring. Again, she would have been more successful if she would have told God specifically what she wanted Him to do in order to help her. Instead of begging and pleading, she could have simply made her request in a direct and up front manner. Finally, the woman in the story denied ownership of her role in the problem. This usually backfires because people who need help should take an active role in proposing a solution rather than denying any responsibility for the problem. The woman would have been more effective in her request if she would have told God exactly how she felt, why she felt that way and once again asked God for help. The self-assertive approach to asking for something is the most effective because it uses mature techniques that allow a person to speak their mind and make their case in a calm and collected manner that motivates those around them to want to help rather than give in to avoid a dramatic display of childish behavior. Parker, Dorothy. â€Å"A Telephone Call. † 20 March 2009 http://www. classicshorts. com/stories/teleycal. html. Sichel, Mark. â€Å"The Five Styles of Avoidance and Self-Assertion. †