Week 9 discussion paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Week 9 discussion paper - Essay Example iations to negotiate with management for worker rights is a time-honored and legal right in the U.S., however in other countries unionism is frowned upon due to its monopolistic wage effects – when unions push up wages, product prices rise and in effect reduce the real incomes of nonunion workers (Pencavel, 1997). From a cultural viewpoint, Asian countries such as Japan expect workers to espouse filial piety and loyalty towards their companies which in return employ them for life. Therefore, the U.S. multinational company which chooses to operate in other countries where unionism is not welcome will be forced to change its human resources policies when operating in these areas; however, this may cause a double standard in HR policies which may give the impression that the company is discriminating among workers based on race. I would expect that different organizations deal differently with such challenges, depending upon the nature of the business (if it allows for a adjustments for diversity) and the culture or country the firm is trying to penetrate or is setting up business in. The organization therefore derives an entry into the culture by conforming to local differences, although from an organization-wide point of view it appears to be applying a double standard. In other aspects, however, particularly in matters where the quality of the product or service is severely affected, the firm may choose to impose the same standards it practices in its own country. For instance, the policy of not employing child labor practices in the home country may be enforced among the firm’s suppliers and subcontractors in other countries who, because it is commonplace in that country, may be employing children in sweat shops (Bellettini, et al., 2005; Anderson, et al., 2010). One problem that is exacerbated and even exploited by business is the graft and corruption prevalent in many developing countries. It is sad to note that while graft and corruption appears to be

Othello setting act5, scene 1 & 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Othello setting act5, scene 1 & 2 - Essay Example The effect of the setting is that, it has made it possible for evil to be committed without the ability to determine who is committing the evil against the others. On the other hand, Act V scene II is in a bedroom setting within the castle, where Desdemona finally meets her death (Shakespeare, ‎187). As opposed to the setting full of darkness in Scene I, the setting in Scene II is one where the acts of each character are recognizable. Thus under this setting, the evils deeds of the characters now come to the open, where the villains who have been hurting each other are known. It is now possible to tell what who has been holding a grudge against the other, and what reasons inform the sweet revenge (Shakespeare, ‎195). Therefore, there is a contrast in the setting of Scene I and Scene II in Act V, and the effect of the settings contrast is to hide the evils of different characters under Scene I, but their evils are disclosed in Scene

Redevelopment of Manila City Jail Essay Example for Free

Redevelopment of Manila City Jail Essay Manila, Philippines—Filinvest Land Inc. has bagged a deal to redevelop a 1. 2-hectare property owned by the government that was the site of the old Cebu City jail on Salinas Drive in Lahug to turn it into a business process outsourcing complex. In a disclosure to the Philippine Stock Exchange on Tuesday, the property developer announced that it had submitted the winning build-transfer-operate proposal and complied with the requirements contained in the notice of award from the Economic Enterprise Council under the Office of the Governor of the Province of Cebu. The lot used to be occupied by the Bagong Buhay Rehabilitation Center and the Cebu City Treatment and Rehabilitation Center. â€Å"FLI remains bullish on the BPO sector and is rapidly expanding its office portfolio to meet the needs of the industry,† the disclosure said. â€Å"FLI believes that Cebu, in particular, has good potential for this business. † This represents an expansion of FLI’s interest in Cebu. It is currently developing the 50. 6-hectare Citta di Mare in the South Road Properties. Two mid-rise building projects, Amalfi Oasis and San Remo Oasis, are also currently being constructed under a joint venture with the Cebu City Government. Land development works on the Il Corso lifestyle strip are likewise ongoing. Other ongoing projects of FLI include One Oasis Cebu, a 3. 7 hectare mid-rise development with a total of 10 buildings adjacent to the Cebu Golf and Country Club. Two buildings have been completed and a third is targeted for completion by year-end. Finally, FLI’s Grand Cenia Hotel and Residences condotel has recently started operations as Quest Hotel and Conference Center, a three-star hotel complete with business and conference facilities. The Cebu project also scales up FLI’s BPO portfolio. As of the end of 2011, it had over 170,000 square meters of gross leasable area (GLA) from 12 buildings in Northgate Cyberzone in Filinvest Corporate City in Muntinlupa City and PBCom Tower in Makati City. At Northgate Cyberzone, another building is currently under construction and will add close to 20,000 square meters of GLA in the first half of 2013, while a 14th building is targeted to break ground within the year with a GLA of 13,000 square meters. Vector Two, which was completed in the fourth quarter of 2011, is fully taken-up and has been turned over for tenant fit-outs, the disclosure said. Meanwhile, FLI is constructing a five-storey building along EDSA across the Asian Development Bank building which is expected to be completed within 2012.

Burger King Market Analysis

Burger King Market Analysis Burger King known as Insta-Burg King was established in 1953 but then company ran into financial difficulties and was taken over by David Edgerton James Mclamore. Today it is headquartered in Florida (Miami).Burger King serves Global with 12,200 outlets in 73 countries. Part 1: The product and market According to Merriam-Webster online dictionary fast food is designed for ready availability, use, or consumption and with little consideration given to quality or significance. Basically fast-food is gaining momentum due to the busy lifestyle prerelavant nowadays. This type of food is served to customers in short span of time on order made. The product: Food like Burgers, French fries,Veggi etc. Product type: Fast food Type of Involvement: According to worldwatch.org, Indias fast-food industry is growing by 40 percent. Post liberalization 1991 Fast food industry has developed in India as many multinational providers have set up their business. McDonalds, Dominos, Pizza Hut and Nirulas are well-liked fast food joints in India. According to the findings of the recent online survey from AC Nielson [7, 8] India being At the seventh place, is among the top ten markets for weekly fast food consumption  among the countries of Asia-Pacific region.Over 70% of Urban Households consume outside food fast food from take-away restaurant at least once in a month or more. As per the survey conducted Pizza Hut is the most preferred fast food brand in India. India is one of the top ten countries among the 28 surveyed consuming fast food. Segmentation Types of Segmentation. Geographic segmentation-Urban Locations in India. Two main cities of India Delhi Bangalore. The reason to choose to Delhi is because it is a cosmopolitan city people are open to embrace new ideas lifestyle. It is also becoming a major Information Technology destination of India. Here many major multi nationals like IBM, Microsoft, Google, Sony etc. Many Business process outsourcing industries are there. Delhi is the symbol of old and new growing India. Bangalore city is the nerve of industrial city. It has the IT Park which has gained the popularity of being the Silicon valley. It is ranked among the ten fastest growing city. Today Bangalore is the fifth largest fastest growing city in Asia. Demographic segmentation- Urban Middle class Urban Upper Middle class The Urban % of Middle class income group is 21.7% from 2009-10 The Urban %Upper Middle class income group is 16.3% from 2009-10(Based on data from the Market Information Survey of Households survey of the National Council of Applied Economic Research Targeting Targeting-First Concentrate on Initial focus on Delhi Bangalore customers. Higher income groups. Exposure to western culture and open minded to variety Middle class Upper middle class customers. Positioning On introduction of Burger King it would be initially introduced in the capital city of India, Delhi Banglore.It would be a place for upscale strata consumers mainly to visit relax. It would be positioned differently unlike from its competitor Mc Donalds for family to come along with their children and have fun. An individual earning Rs.30K to 40K a month is expected to indulge in having food from Burger king. The age group mainly targeted on 25-35 year old individuals. Competitor Analysis- Direct competitor- Mc Donalds would be the competitor for Burger King. Indirect competitor-Fresh homemade cooked food localized restaurants Mc Donalds business is profit making in the fast food industry compared to its competitor Burger King by gross margin 38% of its rival by 33%. Mc Donalds is having a strong presence in United States and it is gaining international presence in the fast food industry. Mc Donalds has been a strong performer in 2009 in terms of market share. In comparison to other food chains like KFC and Pizza Hut the overall performance and a liking towards Mc Donalds has been very positive and commendable. Mc Donald marketing mix: think global, act local. However, Taylor (1991) supports the view that companies should use both internationalization and globalization elements to create a competitive advantage: it is important to heed the maxim: think global, act local. The firm must ensure that its structure fits in with its international environment while at the same time have the internal flexibility required to implement its strategic goal (Taylor 1991).McDonalds efficient supply chain in India ensure s delivery on time with reduction on cost maximizing profitability maintaining highest quality standards of products. McDonalds has separate production lines and processes for its vegetarian and non-vegetarian offerings. Marketing mix adopted by Mc Donalds- McCarthy (1975) formulated the concept of 4Ps- Product, Price, Promotion and Place. Moreover in case of service marketing in recent years theorists have identified 3Ps given by Fifield and Gilligan (1996) variables as an integral part of the marketing mix process, physical and people. Product- Concept of think global, act local has been clearly adopted by Mc Donalds. To support this concept there are many examples like in India as Hindus do not consume beef, Muslims do not eat pork and Jains (among others) do not eat meat of any type. To suit the majority food interest of the Indians Mc Donalds been innovative to serve customers with Vegetable McNuggets a mutton base Maharaja Mac (Big Mac). Pricing-Pricing decision is a vital factor taken care by McDonalds. The formulation of different pricing decisions has been made differently based on different geographic locations. The right price selection needed to be made for the right market. Various factors needed to be considered researched for the same. Some elements considered by McDonalds to determine the price for a particular market. The process, as described by Vignali et al/(1999)is listed below: Selecting the price objective; Determining demand; Estimating costs; Analyzing competitors costs, prices and offers; Selecting a pricing method; Selecting a final price. The process listed above is the basic framework that allows Mc Donalds localized pricing. McDonalds has highlighted pricing policy in the mission statement where it states that the most fundamental element of determining price was: McDonalds to remain in touch with pricing of our competitors allows them to price our products correctly, balancing quality and value. When Mc Donalds was looking to penetrate into New Delhi India, it determined the price and set it looking at Nirulas, a local food chain as a guideline. McDonalds was formed in India to have toll free number for customers to place the order. Part 2: The consumer Influence on the behavior of consumers for purchase of Burger King. Food consumed by a countrys citizen is a vital part of their culture. In India post liberalization in the economy there are many changes in the country. India being a democratic country all religions beliefs are considered equal with no discrimination. India known for its rich cultural heritage strong belief has witnessed some new developments. As compared to past more percentage of Indian women are employed today. A rise in the womens economic status in India has taken place making them independent and ensuring more of disposable income to spent on leisure and recreation, eating out and health and fitness. Recent expansion of service industry call centers, travel agencies airlines and hotels have led to more of employment opportunities. Therefore rise in employment is offering individuals to indulge in more than the basic need, allowing them to spend and save both. With hectic lifestyles, timesaving products are increasingly in demand. The basic Indian culture is of consuming homemade food. Its not very easy to bring changes to their eating habits as there are many different religions cultures. Reference group are also influence to a persons behavior of eating food outside. Like a family indulging in Non-veg food outside the hom e often, then it is passed to children also. Social class would also be a determining factor depending on Income education occupation. Balancing all these three elements influence the purchase behavior of an individual. Culture is an important element from the view point of the marketer. This influence the consumption behavior of individuals. In India beef is not consumed by Hindus due to religious reasons. Hindus constitute the major population in India. Muslims do not consume pork meat. For Jains they do not consume meat.It is completely prohibited. Therefore chicken is preferred. As the barriers to eat out entrenched in certain sectors of Indian society. The influence to purchase fast food are due to factors such as environment at home, availability and accessibility to fast food providers, social environment and surroundings. Some other additional some of individuals who are living alone have independence in their eating habits, sometimes opting for a new variety of food than t he traditional home cooked food. To spent time socializing in an ambience making them comfortable also affects the visit liking of fast food outlet. Indian consumers are of the view that hygiene conditions are to be provided in an around the kitchen. This model is an essence helping consumers to respond in decision making process. Its known as black box as we still know how human mind works. Some other influences also will be discussed like motivations, perception, perceived risks etc. 1) Problem Solving- a) When an individual is hungry and search of instant fulfillment. b) Target to consumers who are having open mindset to try a new variety of food. c) Target to Middle Upper middle class consumers who wish to visit out and socialize. d) Convenient to carry looking out for a change from the traditional Indian homemade food. 2) Information Search-The factors determined by consumers to recall the Fast food Brand Burger King. Internal Factors for Consumers to search. Recall of advertisements broadcasted on National Television. Hoardings Worldwide Brand value of Burger King for good quality and food. Some External factors which would influence-Colleagues, public sources, friends family. Some articles from product rating organizations as Consumer Report. 3) Alternative Evaluation- Mc Donalds, KFC, Nirulas, homemade food and other local restaurants. 4) Purchase Decision-The purchase decision when made in Burger King would be backed by many factors like a) Social Surroundings-The kind of people around as in India it would be targeted on Middle class and Upper middle class segment. The people present and included while making the purchase. b) Physical Appearance-Such as dà ©cor, ambience of the place, hygiene factors, speedy service offered some music. c) Antecedent States-The target being on individuals who earn Rs30,000 to 40Kper month. Including consumers mood and cash in hand. 5) Post-Purchase Behavior-In case of fast food joint it becomes bit difficult to known the customers opinion towards the food consumed by them as consumers are generally not very keen to provide. But sometimes it can be actively put into action to gather the feedback through some questionnaire which is not lengthy. Some point of contact for customers where an individual is appointed in the store to learn what consumers feel about the Fast-food served. Even through word of mouth if consumers are satisfied they would convey it to their near and dear ones too. Some internal Influence on Consumer Behavior. Motivation-Some people are food lovers who enjoy having food indulge in variety of cuisines. These individuals are internally motivated. Perception-The perception of the brand worldwide. The taste quality of food served is determined based on international standards and reports. Perceived risks-These risks in case of fast food would be related to health hazards which it can bring in the long run. The hygiene factor can be a cause of concern. Personal factors-These factors also influence the consumer behavior like economic situation, age, occupation, personality lifestyle. a) Economic situation-The economic situation in India is on a growth stage. With more people joining the labour force day by day and middle class and upper middle class population able to spend for their leisure, food and entertainment nowdays.People are having more of means to save for their future too additional to the disposable income to spend. As individuals with a monthly income of minimum Rs.30,000 it would targeted for. b) Lifestyle-The change in the lifestyle of people have also under gone a change. Most of the individuals are working and busy with their hectic schedule so hardly find time to cook and have homemade food. So fast food offers them convenience, taste and easily available at good price suiting the pockets of the individuals. People are nowadays governed by education, income, intelligence energy level. Mindset of people are undergoing a fast change ready to try different kind of food and a manner in which one can go and enjoy good tasty food outside. Part 3: Plan to Launch the Product Brand Name-Burger King Product Type-Fast food Burgers Campaign-Urban Regions Campaign-One King, Burger King Global companies like Burger king face the problem of initiating a global product launch, as the characteristics of varied culture, beliefs and multicultural situation of nations today. Cost increases and public relations support across multiple markets makes it more complicated. Food is an essential element of societys culture and ethnicity. Even during globalization and having a cosmopolitan outlook some basic ethnic taste, local preferences and market specifications in food industry of a particular country cannot afford to be forgotten. A proper market research need to be undertaken or it would negatively harm the product launch of the brand hurting the beliefs of the target market. Understanding the nerve and pros and cons of the local food market of a country would avoid making expensive mistakes. Burger King is known worldwide for its burgers which mainly serves beef pork as the ingredient in Burgers. But in a country like India which has people of different religious beliefs and cultures were Hindus and Muslims are prohibited from consumption of beef and pork. Burger King needs to introduce products customized for the Indian Market keeping in mind the Indian taste preference. Around 40% populations of Indians are vegetarians. This constitutes a fairly good number of populations. Moreover during some religious occasions, as India is land of festivals people do not consume non-veg products during that period too. And even during some fast period when observed by the people in India non-vegetarian food product consumption is low. Therefore Burger King needs to come out offering a proper blend of western basic food taste with some Indian spices some healthy options in Burger itself. As now many Indians are open to try the new variants of food but are also health conscious too. Brand Name-Burger King Product Type-Fast food Burgers Campaign-Urban Regions Campaign-One King, Burger King Pre-Launch Scenario Renowned worldwide for its Have it your way The challenge Competition with Mc Donald, KFC, Pizza Hut To establish a monopoly of Burgers is difficult Mc Donalds is wide spread in majority of locations To penetrate into the market with more tasty options to the target market Low level of customer commitment because of large number of options available in fast food outlets Continuous improvement to be made in value added technology services Health related issues to be sorted Target Audience Middle class and Upper Middleclass Individuals Target Locations Capital city of India, Delhi and Silicon valley of India, Bang lore. Four Ps of Marketing Place- The place to target would be urban areas like the Airports, Offices some shopping, malls. Price-The price would be affordable to Upper middle class and middle class customers individuals earning an annual income of Rs.3, 60,000 per annum. Promotion-Like in Delhi collecting points for seasonal travelers of metros would enable them with a coupon to treat them with Burger King. Product-Burger King to introduce the product suiting to the Indian taste offering variant options to the vegetarians, healthy options in form of drinks along with tasty non-vegetarian food. During some major festive seasons burger king can launch some new products to attract the target customers. People-The Burger king staff needs to be well trained and their uniform while catering to the customers can be a combination of indo-western attire which would be attractive. The staff needs to be efficient in undertaking tasks and right people to be recruited for the different nature of jobs. The staff should greet customers not by saying hello or Hi instead with NAMASTE as this would showcase the traditional culture of greeting the guest. Process-The process of delivering the food and service should be communicated well to the customers. As a large population is vegetarian lovers so food should be cooked keeping in mind the religious beliefs and norms of Indians. The food served should be quick and tasty suiting to the Indian consumers taste. Customers need to be informed in case of some wait period of the product been delivered. Proper communication need to be made. Facilities such as cleanliness and proper ambience need to be created for customers to enjoy. Burger king should try to engage with customers to receive the feedback on the service delivered by them. This can be filling some short questionnaire or by introducing something similar like A huge bell placed in Indian Pizza Hut to ring so that customers can exhibit their satisfaction towards the product. Physical Service-Service cant be experienced before its delivered. So choice made to use the service is risky as its intangible in nature. The uncertainty can be reduced in the mind of customers prior of consumption of the product if the features are well communicated to the target consumers. Promotion of Burger King done by marketing communication mix Advertising Sales promotion Direct marketing Public Relations Phase-1 Launch the Product The product launch of Burger King needs to be associated in a manner the perception which is associated of having burgers from other competitors of its. The product being aimed at Middle class and Upper middle class should be positioned in an upscale manner where Burgers are being offered of Kings taste and treated like King making them feel relaxed and enjoy the experience of eating the burger in an excellent ambience. Also the communication of Quality, speedy service and cleanliness needs to be communicated well. Burger King should introduce options for vegetarian lovers as this would help them to penetrate, into the market more easily. The religious sentiments of Indians need to be taken care in case of non-vegetarian burgers. The company needs to establish a trust on consumers about the method in which product is been prepared without harming any religious sentiments. Phase-2 Brand advertising The advertising of Burger king can be effectively done through Print Media, Television advertisements and hoardings. This should include making customers aware about the product, helping them for easy recall and relating it to them personally. The television advertisements to be broadcasted on news and business channels like CNN IBN, TIMES NOW and some other channels like MTV. The advertisement needs to effectively convey to the customers the place is for relaxing and to enjoy the Burger in Kings style. During this phase it needs to concentrate on building the brand and product relevance. It would be launched not for mass audience but segmented as niche market with high on quality, service and price. The brand should leverage the central theme of Have it your way. The DAGMAR philosophy model 1961(Defining advertising goals for measured advertising results). 1. From unawareness to awareness-To make the target potential customers aware about the product. 2. Comprehension-Customer able to recognize the product and having knowledge about the product. 3. Conviction-Customers holding a firm attitude of the product brand compared to others and can be based on emotional or rational basis. 4. Action-Move made to purchase reflects the advertisement has been effective to communicate with the target audience. The Unique selling proposition of Burger King needs to be highlighted. HAVE IT YOUR WAY Other Communication Channels- On introduction of Burger King in Metro like Delhi some coupons can be offered to the commuters travelling on monthly passes. In the silicon valley bang lore food coupons to the MNC offices like Google, Sony can be provided to promote Burger king. To advertise through social media campaign. To promote through electronic media. To promote in some Business seminars like Retail Association of India through offering vouchers and hoardings exhibiting Burger King finally in India. To advertise in events like, Common wealth games. Internet connectivity can be used as an effective medium of channel.

Aldous Huxleys Brave New World and Political and Social Ideas :: essays research papers

The characters in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World represent certain political and social ideas. Huxley used what he saw in the world in which he lived to form his book. From what he saw, he imagined that life was heading in a direction of a utopian government control. Huxley did not imagine this as a good thing. He uses the characters of Brave New World to express his view of utopia being impossible and detrimental. One such character he uses to represent the idealogy behind this is Bernard Marx.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bernard Marx is a character that represents those that are different from the norm, a character still relevant in today’s culture. He is an archetype of those that are looked down upon as different. He signifies those that look and/or think uniquely. Bernard is the outcast who longs to belong.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bernard is pretty high up in the social system in Brave New World. He is an Alpha Plus at the top of the caste system and he works in the Psychology Bureau as a specialist on hypnopaedia. Bernard, though, is flawed according to his culture on the inside and out. “’He’s so ugly!’…’And then so small.’ Fanny made a grimace; smallness was so horribly and typically low-caste’'; (46). Bernard’s looks pushed him to be an outsider. His physical insufficiencies cause him to be different mentally. The way that he thinks and acts is different then that of the cultural norm. “’They say he doesn’t like Obstacle Golf.’…’And then he spends most of his time by himself – alone’'; (44). The way that Bernard acts is so different then everyone else in the world in which he lives. In Brave New World being alone is a rare occurrence, and sports are something that everyone participates in. Bernard also thinks of women and relationships differently. Though promiscuity is a normalcy in Brave New World, Bernard sees relationships as a personal thing and does not think of a woman as someone to just have. “’Talking about her as though she were a bit of meat.’ Bernard ground his teeth. ‘Have her here, have her there. Like mutton. Degrading her to so much mutton’'; (45). Bernard gets angry hearing others talking so casually about sexual relations with a woman. Bernard goes against the grain in the way he looks, acts and thinks. He does not follow the cultural standard and is therefore despised and teased, and is labeled a freak.

Chagnon Debate Essay -- essays papers

Chagnon Debate In Patrick Tierney’s article â€Å"The Fierce Anthropologist,† he discussed the faults that are, or may be, present in Napoleon Chagnon’s anthropological research of the Yanamamo, or â€Å"The Fierce People,† as Chagnon has referred to them in his best-selling book on the people. Due to Chagnon’s unparalleled body of work in terms of quantity and, as many argue, quality, Marvin Harris draws heavily on his research to support his point, which is that the origin of war is ecological and reproductive pressure. One should question Harris’s theories (and all theories), especially in the light of the aforementioned article, but I do not believe his arguments are, or should be, adversely affected by the information presented in this article. The claim that the Yanamamo are an extremely militant people is pervasive in Chagnon’s work, and Harris uses this as the basis for his arguments. However, Tierney claims that â€Å"Chagnon’s account of Yanamami warfare seemed greatly exaggerated.† (Pg. 54). Another integral part of Chagnon’s research, which Harris cites, was that the Yamamamo wage war because of women. John Peters, in Tierney’s article, presented a differing opinion stating that, â€Å"these raids [referring to the four raids carried out in half a century by a group that Chagnon said ‘demonstrated the most extreme form of Yanamami â€Å"treachery.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Pg. 54).] †¦had been provoked not by competition for women, as Chagnon had written, but by the spread of new diseases, which prompted angry accusations of witchcraft.† These, among a slew of other discrepancies, cast an especially doubtful light on Chagnon’s research, and thus Harris’s conclusions. Harris reasons that if Yanamamo warfare is indeed caused by fights over women that this is caused not only by lack of females due to female infanticide which is legitimized through male supremacy which is legitimized through warfare, but also the males’ failure to bring home meat. In Cannibals and Kings Harris writes, â€Å"From the account of Helena Valero, a Brazilian captured by the Yanomamo, we know that wives make a point of taunting their husbands when the supply of game falters†¦ The men themselves, after returning empty-handed, become touchy about real or imagined insubordination on the part of their wives and younger brothers. At the same time, the failure of the men emboldens wives and unmarried junior males to ... ...logists to verify his data,† and that, â€Å"(pg. 54) he [the German ethnologist Irenaus Eibl-Eibesfeldt] and another Yanomami researcher at the institute wrote a letter to the American Human behavior and Evolution Society, which claimed that Chagnon had got important mortality rate statistics wrong.† (Pg. 54) Even if these claims of deceiving information and others of plain false information (â€Å"In ‘The Fierce People,’ Chagnon wrote that the Yanomami were ‘one of the best nourished populations thus far described in the anthropological/biomedical literature.’ Unlike Chagnon’s ‘burly’ men, the villagers I encountered were – as Rice had observed in 1924 – tiny and scrawny.† [Pg. 54]) Are all true I don’t believe the vast majority of Chagnon’s research was falsified or misleading – nearly 40 years of false, purposefully misleading information would be an absurd, pointless task of monumental proportions. Overall, I do not believe Harris’s theories are, or should be, damaged significantly even in a worst case scenario (described by Tierney). His theory could stand alone without the evidence provided by the Yanomamo and in all probability the conclusions drawn from them were, indeed, valid.

Satan :: essays research papers

Satan If you take a look at his personality with an open mind, Satan actually has characteristics of a respectable person. One of Satan's characteristics is his evilness; he is the personification of evil. That isn't one of his admirable traits, but it's what makes Satan who he is. When you hear the word, Satan, you immediately think evil. In general, people look at Satan and that is all that runs through their minds. Evilness is the trademark of Satan's personality. Another of Satan's features is his intelligence. He usually isn't noted for this. If you think about it, Satan had to be reasonably smart to plan a crusade against God. He also has the intellect enough to trick people and to transform a person's personality. That is why when you get involved with Satan you usually end up losing. A person is sometimes respected for his intelligence. Many of the famous people in our past and present are intelligent. Satan is also a leader. He led the war against God in heaven, and he is also the leader of hell. You can tell Satan is a leader when he quotes, 'it is better to reign in hell than to serve in heaven';. Leadership is a respected quality. Look at Martin Luther King, Jr. He led a rebellion for black people and today he is respected for that. Bravery is another one of Satan's 'respectable'; mannerisms. Satan had to have been fairly brave to plan a battle against God. Even though he was banned from heaven, he is the leader of hell, and he still plans to get God back for what he did. A brave person is usually always recognized in society. To have pride is a good thing. People or teams that have pride are the ones that succeed. They need to have the type of pride that gives esteem and not ego. Satan had pride mainly in himself and his work. He is proud of all the things that he does. Satan is a very ambitious creature. He doesn't give up on something once he starts. With God, Satan can't directly torment him. So he must use God's creation of people to 'win';. Satan doesn't give up easily. The first thing that he thought when he got to hell was how he could take revenge of God. Satan's ambition might become more noticeable in the

The impenetrability of life

An Interpretation of the Morals of Heinrich von Kleist’s The Earthquake in Chile Akin to most writers of the Romantic Movement, Heinrich von Kleist eschewed the Enlightenment’s belief in reason, science and progress. He believed that life was too complex for it to be interpreted by reason and science. The impenetrability of life, particularly com/literary-analysis-skills-lesson-structure/">human nature, is the central theme of Von Kleist’s short story The Earthquake in Chile (1807). Set in the wake of a fictitious earthquake in Chile, the short story reveals how man-made norms prove to be useless in moments of disaster.Thus, it is only in times of crisis that the true nature of individuals and or institutions is bared (Allan, 108). The earthquake is traditionally used as a metaphor for massive social upheaval. The manner in which it inflicts damage – from the bottom, destroying the foundations of edifices – renders it a suitable allegory of public c ataclysm. Reactionary priests interpreted the Lisbon earthquake of 1755 as a â€Å"punishment† for the supposed sins of its populace.The French philosopher Voltaire wrote in his novella Candide (1759) that the Roman Catholic Church used the said catastrophe as an excuse to burn more alleged heretics at the stake (The Internationalist, n. pag. ). The Scottish historian, essayist and satirist Thomas Carlyle referred to the French Revolution as â€Å"(an) earthquake of Insurrection† (Carlyle, 409). In The Earthquake in Chile, an earthquake temporarily halted the implacable operation of social, civil, moral and ecclesiastical law over society (Fenves, 313).Subsequent events exposed the futility of searching for assurance in life through reliance on loosely-argued metaphysical biases such as morals (Allan, 108). In the context of the short story, morals are detrimental to human society and relationships. It merely results in prejudices that allow the powerful to subjugate t he weak. From the outset, it is already clear to the reader that patriarchal structures of authority control Santiago. Power lies primarily in the hands of the viceroy, the Archbishop and the paterfamilias.In addition, women are perceived as valued sexual possessions and individuals whose intellect and morality must be dictated by men. But, ironically, it is women who are expected to control the sexual ardor of men (Allan, 109). Under the guise of â€Å"morality,† women are supposed to exhibit behavior that will protect her from unwanted sexual advances from men. If a woman is subjected to inappropriate sexual conduct by a man, it is believed to be her fault – she is a â€Å"loose† woman who does not deserve respect from men.When, for instance, Don Asteron discovered that Jeronimo is having an illicit affair with his daughter, Josephe, he sternly warned her instead of Jeronimo to end the relationship. And when Don Asteron later found out through Josephe’s brother that she and Jeronimo continued their liaison, he had her banished to a convent. Josephe’s new â€Å"spiritual father,† the Archbishop, proved to be more unforgiving – he insisted that she be put to trial and condemned to death after she gave birth during the religious procession.Both Don Asteron and the Abbess strongly opposed the death sentence, to no avail (Allan, 110). The decision to commute Josephe’s sentence from burning at the stake to beheading resulted in â€Å"indignation (from) the matrons and maidens of Santiago† (Von Kleist, 175). Because they committed themselves to the patriarchal values of feminine innocence and impeccable chastity, they believed that no punishment could be too severe for a woman like her. Furthermore, a gory execution for Josephe would allow them to bask in the illusory sense of their own moral superiority.Her burning at the stake would affirm their belief that they were â€Å"good† women and she w as an â€Å"indecent† woman (Allan, 111). The earthquake, however, transformed Santiago into an entirely different society. The catastrophe destroyed the bastions of patriarchal authority – the cathedral, the Viceroy’s palace, the court, the house of Josephe’s father and the prison. As a result, the people finally learned to work side by side in order to survive. Differences in social class, gender and religion were disregarded to attain the common goal of survival:And, indeed, in the midst of these awful moments, in which all the earthly goods of man were destroyed and all of nature was threatened with burial, the human spirit seemed to open out like a beautiful flower. In the fields, as far as the eye could reach, people of all ranks could be seen mingled together, princes and beggars, matrons and peasant women, bureaucrats and laborers, monks and nuns. They sympathized with one another, assisted one another and cheerfully shared whatever they had been able to save to keep themselves alive, as if the universal calamity had made a single family of all who had escaped it.(180) For Jeronimo, Josephe and their son Philipp, help came in the form of Don Fernando and his wife Dona Elvira. After Josephe agreed to Don Fernando’s request that she be the wet nurse of his son Juan (Dona Elvira was badly injured in the earthquake), he welcomed her, Jeronimo and Philipp into his family. Don Fernando and Dona Elvira treated them well despite their background: Don Fernando was very grateful for this kindness (Josephe’s consent to become Juan’s wet nurse) and asked whether they did not wish to accompany him to that group of people who were just preparing a small breakfast by the fire.Josephe replied that she would accept that invitation with pleasure, and, since Jeronimo had no objection either, she followed Don Fernando to his family and was received most heartily and tenderly by his two sisters-in-law, whom she knew to be ve ry respectable young ladies. (179) Dona Elvira, to whose wounds Josephe was busily attending, had at one point – just when these stories were arriving most quickly, each interrupting the other – taken the opportunity to ask her how she had fared on that terrible day. And when, withanguished heart, Josephe recounted some of the main features of her story, she was delighted to see tears well up in that lady’s eyes; Dona Elvira seized her hand and squeezed it and gestured her to be silent. (180) Unfortunately, the rest of the town retained its bigotry. In the afternoon of the earthquake, a service was held at Santiago’s remaining cathedral. The sermon of the officiating priest likened the calamity to God’s annihilation of Sodom and Gomorrah. The earthquake, according to him, was God’s â€Å"punishment† to Santiago for Jeronimo and Josephe’s sin:He castigated it (the city) for abominations such as Sodom and Gomorrah had not known, and ascribed it only to God’s infinite forbearance that Santiago had not been totally obliterated from the face of the earth†¦he†¦digressed, with copious imprecations, to mention the two sinners themselves by name and to consign their souls to all the princes in hell. (183-184) The heady rhetoric of the sermon, along with emotional intensity generated by the devastating effects of the earthquake, resulted in violence. When a member of the congregation recognized Josephe in the service, an angry mob went after her and her companions.When the crowd dispersed, Jeronimo, Josephe, Juan and Dona Constancia (Don Fernando’s sister-in-law) lay dead. The Earthquake in Chile was Von Kleist’s explanation for his disbelief in the ability of science, reason and progress to influence life and humanity. He believed that science, reason and progress governed life and humanity through morals that were in favor of the powerful. The powerful, in turn, used these morals to exploit the weak and the helpless. Thus, when the powerful loses their ability to subjugate, they resort to diabolical means to regain this capability. In doing so, their real nature is exposed.Works Cited Allan, Sean. The Stories of Heinrich von Kleist: Fictions of Security. New York: Boydell & Brewer, 2001. Carlyle, Thomas. The French Revolution: A History. New York: Modern Library, 2002. Fenves, Peter David. Arresting Language: From Leibniz to Benjamin. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 2001. â€Å"Lisbon, 1755: The Earth Shook. † January 2005. The Internationalist. 17 September 2008. <http://www. internationalist. org/lisbon1755. html>. Von Kleist, Heinrich. â€Å"The Earthquake in Chile. † Great German Short Stories. Ed. Evan Bates. New York: Courier Dover Publications, 2003.

Rhetorical Situation and Visual Design

1) Practical visual design is rational in the sense that each step of the way you can understand why you're making design decisions. 2) The three elements of the rhetorical situation are audience, purpose and context. 3) Some examples of large-scale responses to the rhetorical situation of a document include 11† x 17† four panel format, heavier paper, and arrangements of the documents major elements -brochure-like format, visual demeanor. ) Some examples of local-level responses to the rhetorical situation of a document are typography, large, bold type, bulleted list, single page letter, parallel layout, -narrow text columns, two bar charts and table, labels. 5) Traditional rhetorical strategies apply to visual design in the following ways Arrangement and emphasis strategies pertain to the visual structure and organization of the document. Clarity and conciseness strategies pertain primarily to functional matters of style, of making the design readable and efficient.Tone and ethos strategies relate primarily to readers subjective responses to the visual language, its voice and credibility. 6) Cognate strategies of visual designs interrelate and overlap because technicality may add to clarity as well as to conciseness. In the same way, the placement of the headings or drawings on a page in not entirely a matter of arrangement rather than ethos and of clarity rather than emphasis. 7) The three kinds of activities in the design process are Invention -Revision -Editing. ) Conventions in the context of communication are customary forms and configurations that members of an audience expect. 9) The three ways of grouping visual conventions are according to scope, degree of flexibility and size of the use group. 10) â€Å"Visual discourse community† means an audience that understands certain conventions. 11) Three guidelines for using visual conventions are Identify relevant conventions for any design problems you're trying to solve Realize that some conventions are more rigid than others Think of conventions in terms of your readers, who give them meaning and significance.

Just War Theory and a Thoughtful Realist Essay

One important theory within International Relations shows a moral aspect on how to conduct war. This theory is called Just War Theory. Just War Theory is a doctrine of military ethics from a philosophical and Catholic viewpoint. This theory consists of two parts: Jus ad bellum (the right to go to war) and Jus in bello (right conduct within war). Jus a bellum, the right to go to war, explicitly describes how a nation-state should conduct itself before preparing for war. There are seven sub-categories within Jus a bellum: Just Cause, Comparative Justice, Competent Authority, Right Intention, Profitability of Success, Last Resort, and Proportionality. Just Cause is explained as needing to have a reason to go to war. Not just for recapturing material possessions, but if lives are in danger. Comparative Justice is described, as the suffering and injustice on one side within a war must outweigh the suffering and injustice on the opposite side. Competent Authority must be in order within a war. Nation-states that start war must only start it if the authorities within the nation-state are focused on justice. Right Intention is defined as; force may be only used for a just cause correcting a suffered wrong. Gaining or maintaining economies by a nation-state is not considered just. Profitability of Success indicates that arms are not to be used where unbalanced measures are pertinent to be successful. The Last Resort category is presented as; force in war may only be used if peaceful alternatives have been completely depleted. The final category, Proportionality, is the foreseen benefits of starting war must be proportionate to its expected wrongs. Jus in bello, right conduct within war, shows how a nation-state should handle different situations within a war. There are five sub-categories within Jus in bello: Distinction, Proportionality, Military Necessity, Fair Treatment of Prisoners of War, and No Means malum in se (evil within itself). Distinction is described as; nobody in war should attack those not involved in war. No one should bomb civilian areas where there are no military targets. Also, those in war should not target those who have been captured, surrendered, or do not present immediate threat. Proportionality is the idea that an attack cannot be launched on a military objective in the knowledge that the incidental civilian injuries would outweigh the military advantage. Military Necessity is demonstrated as the use of the most minimal force to limit the unnecessary death of civilians. Fair Treatment of Prisoners of War, under Just War Theory, is important. It prohibits the mistreating or torturing of captured enemies because they no longer pose a threat. The final category is No Means malum in se. This prohibits the use of evil weapons and methods of warfare including: mass rape, nuclear weapons, and biological warfare. The Just War Theory explicitly details on how war should be carried out by a nation-state. Although war involves deaths and destructions, this is one of the most moral ways to handle warfare. In the world of realism, a thoughtful realist would like to believe that every single one of these categories would be played out perfectly. But, there are many inhibitors with each of these. A thoughtful realist would not believe with the concepts of Just Cause and Profitability of Success because nation-states need to protect their territories and their economy to stay in their current position of power. Under the concept of Last Resort, a thoughtful realist would agree not to jump into war immediately, but if a major threat were to happen upon a nation-state, it would be necessary. Proportionality within Jus ad bellum and Jus in bello coincides with the views of the realists of stability within a nation-state. Realists understand the effects of war on civilians. Contrary to Distinction and Military Necessity, Realists recognize that within war there are many casualties and sometimes they are of civilians and those not involved in the war. With terrorist groups of today, a thoughtful realist would say that torture of those captured is sometimes pertinent to safeguard the state. This combats the view of Fair Treatment of Prisoners of War. When the safety of a country is at risk, a realist would agree that it becomes a vital interest. This vital interest could lead to nuclear or biological warfare depending on the severity of the vital interest. Within the No Mean malum in se category, it overtly condemns this. But a thoughtful realist would agree that these steps might be necessary in some situations. A thoughtful realist would agree with one part of the category, which states that mass rape is completely immoral. A thoughtful realist would want to agree with every statement within the Just War Theory. However, understanding when protection and vital interests are at stake, a thoughtful realist would agree to disregard most of the Just Law Theory to safeguard the country.

Locate and Identify Black Locust in North America

Locate and Identify Black Locust in North America Robinia pseudoacacia, commonly known as the black locust, is a prickly tree within the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family called  Fabaceae and is considered to be a legume with flattened pea pods several inches long. Black locust is native to the southeastern United States, but has been widely planted and naturalized elsewhere in temperate North America, Europe and Asia. The original range of the locust is in the Appalachian, Ozark and Ouachita range  located in the middle mountains of Eastern North America.  They are now considered an invasive species in some areas even within the natural range. Black locust was introduced into Britain in 1636 where it has slowly garnered a universal appeal to tree lovers. Black Locust Identification One major identifier is the long compound leaves with up to 19 leaflets which present  the typical and unique locust leaf profile (not to be confused with the twice compound leaves of honey locust). The other ID marker is a small stout briar spine  on branches, often curved and in pairs at each leaf node. Late spring to early summer flowers can be showy, white and drooping  with 5-inch flower clusters. These flowers are fragrant with a vanilla and honey scent. The leguminous fruit developing from the flower has 4-inch papery thin pods with small, dark-brown, kidney-shaped seeds. These autumn seeds will persist until the next spring. You will find this tree primarily  in areas where it colonizes open fields and roadsides. Its ability to grow in poor soils, fast growth, ornamental foliage and fragrant flowers make for a favorite tree to plant. More on Black Locust Black locust is sometimes called yellow locust and grows naturally on a wide range of sites but does best on rich moist limestone soils.  Black locust is not a commercial timber species but is useful for many other purposes. Because it is a nitrogen fixer and has rapid juvenile growth, it is widely planted as an ornamental, for shelterbelts, and for land reclamation. It is suitable for fuelwood and pulp and provides cover for wildlife, browse for deer, and cavities for birds. We must recognize that black locust is not an important tree for logging purposes as there is very little timber value and it has little lumber or paper pulp potential. We still need to remember that the tree has and is used  in the United States to be manufactured into a wide variety of products. Robinia pseudoacacia is planted for many specialized purposes. Black locust is used for fence posts, mine timbers, poles, railroad ties, insulator pins, ship timber, tree nails for wooden ship construction, boxes, crates, pegs, stakes, and novelties. Pulp with satisfactory mechanical properties can be made from the tree, particularly by the sulfate process but commercial value awaits  further investigation.

buy custom Research Paper on Boston Common essay

buy custom Research Paper on Boston Common essay Boston Common is the oldest park in the United States. It was established in 1634. It is situated in a fifty acre oasis. The most immediate neighbors of this park include; Tremont streets, Beacon, Charles and Boylston among others. Friends asserts that as a public park, Boston serves as a recreational public park as well as a common place for softball games, concerts and occasionally; protests (7). The space where Boston is currently situated was previously owned by William Blackstone and. The government of Massachusetts bought the space from Blackstone after realizing that a more northerly place site would not be suitable for settlement (Friends 8). The governments main aim for the purchase was to use this land for public livestock grazing. However, Boston Common was not entirely used for grazing. It was also used as a public green that included several official functions. For instance, parades, hangings and drills are some of the official functions that were carried out in Boston (Friends 8). As the official functions became so common in Boston, the government decided to impose a ban on livestock grazing in Boston Common. This prohibition came to effect in 1830. Boston Common equally holds a military history. According to Friends, before the kick off of the American Revolutionary War, the park was used as a camping site by British troops (17). The sixteen most storied landmarks are connected by the Freedom Trail which starts at Boston. Robert Gould Shaw Memorial that features Massachusetts 54th Regiment is also contained in the Freedom Trail. Boston equally anchors the Emerald Necklace. The Necklace entails the one thousand acres of parkland that lies between Franklin Park and Charles River (Friends 19). Boston Common also entails memories of various events. For instance, the Boston Massacre Monument, the Partisans, a tribute to the world freedom fighters and a civil war memorial can all be viewed in Boston. Lastly, the Frog Pond in Boston Common functions as a public ice-skating and a wading pool in winter and summer respectively (Friends 27). The Park served as a site for public assembly and free speeches. Charles Lindbergh used Boston Common as a stage for promoting commercial aviation. The Common in 20th century hosted Anti-Vietnam War as well as civil right rallies some of which were led by Martin Luther King, Jr. Pope John Paul II in some occasions conducted his Masses in this park (Friends 38). Boston Common Sites Most of these sites arose as a result of historical monuments. The first one; the Parkman Bandstand was erected in 1912 in honor of George F. Parkman. George is remembered for contributing a total sum 5 million US dollar towards the maintenance of the Boston parks. The second monument is the Soldiers and Sailors. The monument is situated Flagstaff Hill. It gives attributions to Civil War troops. The monument was established in 1877 and was designed by Martin Milmore-an architect and sculptor (Vorhees 46). Robert Gould Shaw Memorial is another Civil War monument. The monument that faes the Massachusetts State House is situated at the edge of Boston Common. It was erected in the memory of the 54th regiment. The regiment was one of its own since it formed the first free black regiment in the Union Army. Within the Boston Common, there is also the Central Burying Ground. The Ground contains graves of several America and British soldiers who perished in the Battle of Bunker Hill which occurred in 1775 (Vorhees 46). The Last common feature in this park is the Brewer Fountain. The Fountain was donated to Boston Common by Gardner Brewer in 1968. It is a copy of the fountain of the World Exposition of 1855 in France. Grant reported that the Brewer fountain comprises of the mythical pictures of Acis, Amphitrite, Neptune and Galatea (103). Boston Arts Festival The Boston Arts Festival entails the best Boston Arts Scene. It includes both visual and performance. The Festival was started in 2003 as a single afternoon event. As time progressed, the event expanded into a three day celebration. It currently includes diverse programs of performance (Vorhees 47). Morning Events and Observations in Boston Common In Boston Common there are several events that one would observe. The events begin taking place as early as 12 a.m. For instance, very early in the morning, one would only observe an empty park without anybody in it only the beautiful trees, grass cover and animals such as squirrel (Morris 4). The trees have both yellow and green leaves scattered all over the park. Some of the trees shade of their leaves more often making the park looks untidy. These leaves to some extent are nuisance to individuals visiting the park (Morris 4). There is a smell of cleanliness very early in the morning. This smell owes to the fact that no one uses the park at night only for the ones crossing over (Morris 4). In the morning, there is sound of quietness accompanied by some little breeze blowing the leaves. Boston Common is very nice during these morning hours. The sweet smell of the nature inclusive of the one coming from grass, trees and their leaves bring a nice scent to people in the park. But the side opposite to Boylston Street is full of bad odor. The irritating smell is caused by the wastes that people dump in this side of the park (Morris 4). On would also observe an ice skating rink that is well established to be used everyone during winter seasons. The ice skating is used by all age groups that wish to enjoy their time. The park is surrounded by numerous tall buildings that act as wind breakers to strong wind. This has led to Boston Common having a very cool wind during morning hours (Morris 5). As morning grows stronger and a little warmth setting in, people begin walking into the park with most of them in pairs. There is the taste of Hotdogs that are being sold in the nearby streets probably with all the ketchup as well as mustard in them. Besides, there is the taste of caramel being sold. Morris confirmed that as the day continues growing, the disguising smell of cigarette begins setting into the park (5). Events in the Park after mid-day One would observe groups of families sitting together and enjoying some family time together with their children. The children playing with their kites as their parents commit to their own conversations and also catching up on stuff. Some of the families play with their animals around the park. The animals especially dogs scare the squirrels away making them climb onto trees while searching for their safety (Morris 6). There is the rattling sound produced by the leaves as people step on them. The sound sometimes become so much that it ends up irritating people that are holding conversations probably about love , market or anything in general. The people also may look perturbed by the dogs which are actually barking out of their own enjoyment. In Morris view, the sound of people passing close to Boston Common can also be heard by those inside the park (6). As heat begins to increase, the children start playing freely with each other. They play in the sand. According to the children, there is a nice feeling they get from the sand. Morris asserted that some of the people in the park lay down under the trees with intention to have a feeling of the grass and leaves that they have been sitting on (6). After some time, people would start gathering in some sport fields within the park. The fields include Tennis Court, baseball field among other fields. Adults as well as children would then change into their games kits. Afterwards, they begin playing various matches against one another in the sunny weather (Friends 113). There are several games that are played in Boston Common. The games include, holding kites and baseballs, rackets and tennis balls among many others. The games are played by people of different ages. Both adults and children cheer the games (Friends 28). In fact, you would witness winning baseball teams screaming with most of parents, busy cheering out for their children that are participating in games. At this particular time, almost everyone present in the scene wears a smile on his or her face (Friends 30). The winning teams in the games extend the celebration even to their animals. They would run around the park with their animals especially the dogs. The dogs would back as if they were aware of what is going on, as if they also participated in the games. According to Friends, the celebration results in more littering of the park with the leaves scattered even more. It is a real fun in Boston Common during the summer and winter seasons. The Frog Pond offers an outdoor skating rink in the winter with the fountain used for wading pool in summer. According to Vorhees, the two activities interest both children and adults (20). The park is only safe during the day. As a result, Boston Common it is not suitable for moonlight stroll. In conclusion, Boston Common should not be corporatize otherwise it would start having managerial issues. Instead, it would be better if the park was just left in the hands of Boston people to improve it. The people should see the park as their property so as to make it their preserve. Buy custom Research Paper on Boston Common essay

How to Make Blue Fire with the Easy Method

How to Make Blue Fire with the Easy Method Making blue fire is an easy DIY project, and theres more than one way to do it. Here are a couple of pointers for making it yourself. Natural Blue Fire The easiest way to make blue fire is to burn a chemical that naturally produces a blue flame. Most types of alcohol burn as blue fire:Â   Ethanol (e.g., rum, vodka)Methanol (wood alcohol, Heet fuel treatment)Isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol) Natural gas also burns with a blue flame. Easy Method of Making Blue Fire Several metal salts burn with a blue flame, such as certain copper, arsenic, and lead compounds. Antimony and lead are toxic, but you can use copper(I) chloride to produce blue fire. Add a small amount of water to copper(I) chloride to dissolve the salt. If you cannot find copper(I) chloride, it is possible to make this chemical yourself. Copper(II) chloride is more widely available, but it will burn with a blue-green flame.Soak a flammable material with the copper chloride solution. Good choices include sawdust or pine cones.Allow the material to dry.When you light it or add it to a normal fire you will get blue fire.

Charles VII of France

Charles VII of France Charles VII  was also known as: Charles the Well-Served (Charles Le Bien-servi) or Charles the Victorious (le Victorieux) Charles VII was known for: Keeping France together at the height of the Hundred Years War, with notable help from Joan of Arc. Occupations: King Places of Residence and Influence: France Important Dates: Born: Feb. 22, 1403Crowned: July 17, 1429Died: July 22, 1461 About Charles VII: Charles VII  is something of a contrary figure in French history. Though Charles served as regent for his mentally unbalanced father while still a teenager, Charles VI signed a treaty with Henry V of England that bypassed his own sons and named Henry the next king. Charles announced himself king upon the death of his father in 1422, but he was still known as the Dauphin (the French title for the heir to the throne) or the King of Bourges until he was properly crowned in Reims in 1429. He owed Joan of Arc a great debt for her aid in breaking the siege of Orleans and getting a signifcantly symbolic coronation, but he stood by and did nothing when she was captured by the enemy. Though later he worked to obtain a reversal of her condemnation, he may only have done so to justify the circumstances surrounding his achievement of the crown. Although Charles has been charged with being inherently lazy, shy and even somewhat apathetic, his councillors and even his mistresses encouraged and inspired him to deeds that would ultimately unify France. Charles succeeded in introducing important military and financial reforms that strengthened the power of the French monarchy. His conciliatory policy toward towns that collaborated with the English helped restore peace and unity to France. He was also a patron of the arts. The reign of Charles VII was significant in the history of France. Fractured and in the midst of an extended war with England when he was born, by the time of his death the country was well on its way toward the geographical unity that defines its modern boundaries. More Charles VII Resources: Charles VII in Print The links below will take you to an online bookstore, where you can find more information about the book to help you get it from your local library. This is provided as a convenience to you; neither Melissa Snell nor About is responsible for any purchases you make through these links. Charles VII(French Edition)by Michel HerubelCharles VII: Le victorieux(Les Rois qui ont fait la France. Les Valois)(French Edition)by Georges BordonoveVictorious Charles: A Ladies Man - A Biography of King Charles VII of France (1403-1461)by Caroline (Cally) Rogers Neill SehnaouiConquest: The English Kingdom of France, 1417-1450by Juliet Barker Charles VII on the Web Charles VIIVery brief bio at Infoplease.Charles VII, King of France (1403-1461)Fairly extensive biography by  Anniina Jokinen at the Luminarium.Charles VII (1403-1461) Roi de France (r.1422-1461) dit le Trà ©svictorieuxThough a bold background detracts somewhat from this amateur site, an informative biography is followed by a substantial timeline of the kings life, at the Hundred Years War Web Page.Charles, VIIThorough biography from   World History in Context  at the Gale Group. Medieval FranceThe Hundred Years War Chronological Index Geographical Index Index by Profession, Achievement, or Role in Society The text of this document is copyright  ©2015 Melissa Snell. You may download or print this document for personal or school use, as long as the URL below is included. Permission is not granted to reproduce this document on another website. For publication permission, please   contact  Melissa Snell. The URL for this document is:http://historymedren.about.com/od/cwho/fl/Charles-VII-of-France.htm

Depression is... essays

Depression is... essays Its feeling of one being tied to railroad tracks, stuck and distressed. The person desperately wanting help, but does not know what he/she can do. Depression affects many people tied to their own railroad tracks. These people want something or someone to help get them off the tracks before the train comes. Being tied to railroad tracks, or depression, does not have to be caused by drug/alcohol abuse and does not always denote suicidal temptations, but it is the feeling of hopelessness and confusion. People today think depression is only caused by drug or alcohol abuse, and results in suicide. Any normal person cannot be depressed, just somewhat unhappy to these people. This belief is wrong. In many cases of depression involving drugs or alcohol, the person who is suffering was depressed before he/she started his/her substance abuse. An example of this is shown in the movie, Girl, Interrupted. A young woman was sent to a mental hospital by her parents for swallowing a bottles worth or aspirin washed down by alcohol. Doctors diagnosed her as a borderline, who was basically someone who is depressed. As the movie develops, the reasoning for her depression was that she wanted to be a writer. But in the 60s, it was not very acceptable for women to have their own opinion, so she felt trapped. Everyone else thought she just had a substance abuse problem, and that was the cause of her depression. She went through therapy and she did not resort to suicide. Another example that proves drugs and alcohol abuse does not always cause depression is in the movie, Forrest Gump. Forrest had a lifelong friend, Jenny, whom he always had a crush on. When Jenny was a child, Forrest discovered one day that her dad abused Jenny and her sisters when he went over to her house. Years later, Jenny used drugs and alcohol with her boyfriend. She sunk into a deep depression, which had be ...

History of US Naval Station at Pearl Harbor

History of US Naval Station at Pearl Harbor The early 1800s: Known to native Hawaiians as Wai Momi, meaning water of pearl, Pearl Harbor was believed to be the home of the shark goddess Kaahupahau and her brother, Kahiuka. Beginning in the first half of the 19th century, Pearl Harbor was identified as the possible location for a naval base by the United States, Great Britain, and France. Its desirability was reduced however by the shallow water and reefs that blocked its narrow entrance. This restriction led to it largely being overlooked in favor of other locations in the islands. US Annexation: In 1873, the Honolulu Chamber of Commerce petitioned King Lunalilo to negotiate a reciprocal treaty with the United States to further the bond between the two nations. As an inducement, the King offered the cessation of Pearl Harbor to the United States. This element of the proposed treaty was dropped when it became clear the Lunalilos legislature would not approve the treaty with it included. The Reciprocity Treaty was ultimately concluded in 1875, by Lunalilos successor, King Kalakaua. Pleased by the treatys economic benefits, the King soon sought to extend the treaty beyond its term of seven years. The effort to renew the treaty met with resistance in the United States. After several years of negotiation, the two nations agreed to renew the treaty through the Hawaii-United States Convention of 1884. Ratified by both nations in 1887, the convention granted to the Government of the US the exclusive right to enter the harbor of Pearl River, in the Island of Oahu, and to establish and maintain there a coaling and repair station for the use of vessels of the US and to that end the US may improve the entrance to said harbor and do all things useful to the purpose aforesaid. The Early Years: The acquisition of Pearl Harbor met with criticism from Britain and France, who had signed a compact in 1843, agreeing not compete over the islands. These protests were ignored and the US Navy took possession of the harbor on November 9, 1887. Over the next twelve years, no efforts were made to enhance Pearl Harbor for naval use as the harbors shallow channel still prevented the entrance of larger ships. Following Hawaiis annexation to the United States in 1898, efforts were made to enhance the Navys facilities to support operations in the Philippines during the Spanish-American War. These improvements were focused on the Navys facilities in Honolulu Harbor, and it was not until 1901, that attention was turned to Pearl Harbor. In that year, appropriations were made to acquire land around the port and improve the entrance channel into the harbors lochs. After efforts to purchase the adjacent land failed, the Navy obtained the present site of the Navy Yard, Kauhua Island, and a strip on the southeast coast of Ford Island through eminent domain. Work also began dredging the entrance channel. This progressed quickly and in 1903, USS Petral became the first vessel to enter the harbor. Growing the Base: Though improvements had begun at Pearl Harbor, the bulk of the Navys facilities remained in Honolulu through the first decade of the 20th century. As other governmental agencies began encroaching on the Navys property in Honolulu, the decision was made to begin shifting activities to Pearl Harbor. In 1908, Naval Station, Pearl Harbor was created and construction began on the first drydock the following year. Over the next ten years, the base grew steadily with new facilities being constructed and the channels and lochs deepened to accommodate the Navys largest ships. The only major setback involved the construction of the dry dock. Begun in 1909, the drydock project angered locals who believed the shark god lived in caves on the site. When the drydock collapsed during construction due to seismic disturbances, Hawaiians claimed that the god was angry. The project was finally completed in 1919, at cost of $5 million. In August 1913, the Navy abandoned its facilities in Honolulu and began to solely focus on developing Pearl Harbor. Allocated $20 million to turn the station into a first-rate base, the Navy completed the new physical plant in 1919. Expansion: While work was moving along on shore, Ford Island in the middle of the harbor was purchased in 1917, for joint Army-Navy use in developing military aviation. The first aircrews arrived at new Luke Field in 1919, and the following year the Naval Air Station was established. While the 1920s were largely a time of austerity at Pearl Harbor as post-World War I appropriations decreased, the base continued to grow. By 1934, the Minecraft Base, Fleet Air Base, and Submarine Base had been added to the existing Navy Yard and Naval District. In 1936, work began to further improve the entrance channel and to construct repair facilities to make Pearl Harbor a major overhaul base on par with Mare Island and Puget Sound. With the increasingly aggressive nature of Japan in the late 1930s and the outbreak of World War II in Europe, further efforts were made to expand and improve the base. With tensions heightening, the decision was made to hold the US Pacific Fleets fleet exercises off Hawaii in 1940. Following these maneuvers, the fleet remained at Pearl Harbor, which became its permanent base in February 1941. World War II and After: With the shift of the US Pacific Fleet to Pearl Harbor, the anchorage was expanded to accommodate the entire fleet. On the morning of Sunday, December 7, 1941, Japanese aircraft launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. Crippling the US Pacific Fleet, the raid killed 2,368 and sank four battleships and heavily damaged four more. Forcing the United States into World War II, the attack placed Pearl Harbor on the front lines of the new conflict. While the attack had been devastating to the fleet, it did little damage to the bases infrastructure. These facilities, which continued to grow during the war, proved vital to ensuring that US warships remained in fighting condition throughout the conflict. It was from his headquarters at Pearl Harbor that Admiral Chester Nimitz oversaw the American advance across the Pacific and the ultimate defeat of Japan. Following the war, Pearl Harbor remained the homeport of the US Pacific Fleet. Since that time it has served to support naval operations during the Korean and Vietnam Wars, as well as during the Cold War. Still in full use today, Pearl Harbor is also home to the USS Arizona Memorial as well as the museum ships USS Missouri and USS Bowfin. Selected Sources A Brief History of Pearl Harbor Prior to World War IINaval Station Pearl Harbor

Workers compensation claim Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Workers compensation claim - Assignment Example Employee can claim workers compensation benefits after being injured or when he or she develops a disease that is work related. Not all injuries are covered under Employee Compensation Law even after the injury â€Å"on the job. For it to be covered it must be accidental and arising in the course of carrying out work related duties. The law only protects workers. A genuine relationship between employer and employee must exist. Compensable injury claim must arise out of the employment (Jasper, 2008). Deriving support from Rensing v. Indiana State University (1993) and Coleman v. Western Michigan University (1983) cases it is clear that the student will not prevail in the case on the ground that workers compensation benefit is only available to employees. A student who is a football player who gets injured in the field cannot claim for workers compensation benefits because there is no working relationship between him and the university management. According to the employees, act the student does not meet the legal meaning of an employee. Workers Disability Compensation Act, which defines employees every person providing a service to another under contract of hire or apprenticeship, impress or implied, written or unwritten (Hotchkiss, 2003).The law is not limited to minors or aliens. The law also excludes volunteers. Student in this case is a volunteer since he is not paid any wages after playing football. The student is not regarded as an employee because he is not hired by the school to play football. For compensation to take place, the plaintiff must proof the following: that the company dictates or controls the actions of the employee, that there are rights to discipline or fire an employee. The plaintiff must also prove that payment of wages to cater for living expenses and whether task performed by proposed employee is an essential part of the employers business. The plaintiff cannot

Sculptures of Ancient India and Greece Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sculptures of Ancient India and Greece - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that if one takes a look at the ancient statutes of gods that both cultures produced, one will be able to see that there are some similarities between them. Zeus of Artemisium and Shiva of Brahmaputra Valley show the deities in positions that feature the perfect balance of posture. Indeed, while Zeus is standing firm and his feet, Shiva is dancing. However, each posture is elegant. On the other hand, these two sculptures also show the differenced between the approaches. Thus, Zeus is shown as an athletic middle-aged man, while Shiva is depicted as having eight arms. Nevertheless, it would not occur to the Ancient Indians that having eight arms is not realistic. Now, it may be advantageous to turn to the analysis of the sculptures that depict people. The two examples that will be used are the famous Discobolus and Dancing girl from Mohenjo-daro. As for the similarities that these two works of art possess, one might suggest that they give the r ights proportions of the human body create an adequate image of a person. However, there is a significant difference: while the body in Discobolus is shown in all correct anatomic details, Dancing girl provides only a general appearance of the body, allowing the audience to focus on the spiritual message that it sends. This means that the Greek statue is similar to the contemporary photo, but is made in marble, while the art of Ancient India is more concerned with the meaning than with the actual form. As one can clearly see, the differences in the depiction of gods and men that were explored in the paragraphs above might be easily explained if one recalls the cultural values and ideas that were dominant in Ancient India.

Business Skills & Employability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Skills & Employability - Essay Example In order to understand the reason behind the huge inflow of FDI in China, the areas of economic reforms need to be studied in context to China, the policies framed by the government in relation to the foreign direct investments in China. The favorability of the investment climate of China in the eyes of the foreign investors need to be studied by considering the several factors that affect the inflow of foreign direct investments in the country. The analysis of the quality of infrastructure available in China for the foreign direct investments, the availability of the manpower resources in China, the regulatory framework and the laws in various sectors for foreign investment are important to understand the reasons why China has been able to attract huge inflow of foreign direct investments over the last three decades. Discussion The reasons behind China’s ability to attract huge foreign direct investments in the country over the last 30 years have been discussed as follows. Th e alternative investment patterns that have emerged in order to challenge rapid growth rate of foreign direct investments have also been included as part of the discussion. ... ina’s ability to attract huge foreign direct investments in the country are the availability of favorable infrastructure for the foreign investors, the high potential of the manpower resources and the total factor productivity of China, the policies of the government in framing favorable laws and regulations for the foreign investors and the performance requirements of the foreign investors. A picture of the growth of foreign direct investments in China has been represented below in Table 1. Table 1: FDI Inflows ($US) in China from 1983 to 2012 The above data have been plotted in graphical form as represented in Figure 1 as shown below (The World Bank, 2013, p.1). Figure 1: Increasing Trend of FDI Inflow ($US) in China from 1983-2012 The policies framed by the government in China have been established in such a way over the last three decades that the regulatory framework has been viewed favorably by the foreign investors in China. The government has set up separate laws by cl assifying the foreign investors into categories like wholly owned foreign enterprises, joint venture of the foreign enterprises and the Chinese entities and Sino-foreign co-operatives. The People Republic of China maintained a Guiding Directory for the investors who are looking for foreign investments in China. The policies framed by the government offer provisions for incentives in case of foreign investments in the special economic zones as designated by the People’s Republic of China. Although in the initial stages, the People’s Republic of China had imposed performance requirements for the foreign investors, the policies on foreign direct investments were instituted with an object to provide preferential treatments to the foreign investors who invested in the economy of China. The

You are wiith torture or no Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

You are wiith torture or no - Essay Example In my opinion, torture should not be used for any purposes in humans (Arar 1). Pro-torture arguments believe in giving intelligent agencies extended powers for torturing people in order to obtain information. In addition, they argue that torture can be used to compel individuals to do various tasks required by agencies, organizations and governments (Arar 1). In this case, torture can be used through enhanced interrogation techniques such as sleep deprivation and water boarding. Proponents of torture also argue based on idealism. In this case, torture is justified because of its capabilities to help in saving lives in exceptional conditions. In this case, torture is used to obtain information from terrorists and people suspected of illegal activities. Therefore, inflicting pain is an effective way of preserving order and securing the safety of people (Arar 1). As an individual opposing torture, it is worth stating that the process is inhuman and unethical. This is because torture inflicts pain and disrupts the psychological state of the individual. In addition, torture inflicts moral damage on the society because of the state and severity of the psychological and physical torture (Arar 1). In addition, torture cannot be used as an instrument for fighting terrorism of obtaining information because it is an instrument of

Discuss how the molecular clock hypothesis (gene clock, evolutionary Essay

Discuss how the molecular clock hypothesis (gene clock, evolutionary clock, or molecular clock) can be used to explain the diver - Essay Example This paper will discuss the manner in which the molecular clock hypothesis can be utilised to explain the divergence evident in species. The molecular clock hypothesis focuses on the idea that molecular evolution typically takes place at a roughly uniform rate over the course of time. The molecular clock bases its processes on the contention that to date the materialization of different species, it is assumed that the degree of molecular evolution is primarily homogeneous among duplicable proteins as well as species. The molecular clock, which focuses on the molecular clock hypothesis, refers to a system used in molecular evolution, which utilises fossil constraints, and the extent of molecular change achieved to foresee the time in geologic history when taxa diverged or two independent species diverged. In essence, the molecular clock approximates when key events such as radiation and speciation took place. The molecular information used to make these calculations primarily include nucleotide sequences for amino acid and DNA sequences in proteins (Ayala 1996, p. 11731). The molecular clock is also from time to time referred to as the evolutionary clock or gene clock. Rather than calculating hours, minutes and seconds, the molecular clock computes the extent of mutations and changes that build up within the genetic order of various species over time. This means that evolutionary biologists can take advantage of this data to conclude the method through which species evolve, and to construe the time when two species diverged, particularly with regard to the evolutionary timeline. The molecular clock is comparable to a normal wristwatch so as to appreciate how the molecular clock works in providing information on the divergence of species. Notably, while a wristwatch measures time from ticks, which are essentially regular changes in time (seconds), a molecular clock, on the other hand, measures time using random changes such as DNA mutations. The originators of th e molecular clock, biologist Emile Zucherkandl and chemist Linus Pauling posit that the concept of the molecular clock centres on the notion that although genetic mutations take place rather randomly, they typically occur at a moderately constant rate. As a consequence, the number of differences noted between any two gene sequences continues to increase with time. This led to the conception that the degree of mutations within a certain DNA stretch can be used effectively to measure the time of species divergence (Britten 1986, p. 1394). However, similar to other clocks, the molecular clock also needs to be calibrated. Therefore, setting a molecular clock starts with known information such as the fossil record for a certain species. Subsequently, when the rate of mutation is ascertained, calculating the species’ divergence time becomes rather straightforward. For instance, if the rate of mutation in a certain species is five every millennium and 25 mutations exist in the speci es’ DNA, then it becomes quite clear that the species’ sequences diverged five million years ago. A prominent element of molecular clocks

Customer service Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Customer service - Assignment Example Figure 1: Unremitted Growth of the Hotel Industry (Source: AIU, 2007) The project discusses about a hotel that is good in terms of locations and services, but some recent customer complaints forces the officials realize the importance of training employees about the extensive values of customer service policies. The economic success of an inn depends on how the customers view the quality and services of the hotel. Thus, it becomes highly rational for the officials of the hotel to reduce the variations of services rendered to the individuals and augment the overall customer service of the inn. Importance of customer service policies in our business The theory of service profit chain explains that economic growth, profit and loyalty are three interlinked concepts. The hotel would only succeed in generating economic surplus and grow, if it achieves customer’s loyalty. Again, the loyalty of the customers can only be achieved with the help of valuable customer services. Employees i n the hotel must be productive in their work for providing valued services to the customers. Motivation is the only key to enhance the productivity of the employees. There lies a great difference between ability to work and willingness to work. Motivation is the only fact that bridges the gap between the two concepts. Figure 2: The Service Profit Chain (Source: PPT) The workers in the hotel may be motivated if the officials organize special economic and non economic compensations for them on the basis of their performances. Moreover, the officials must conduct regular training and interactive sessions to upgrade the skills of the workers. Skilful workers would only be able to serve customers excellently and win over customer loyalty. Loyalty of the potential customers would ultimately render growth in profit of the hotel. A good customer service policy must be reliable, responsive, competent, credible, accessible, courteous, communicative, environmental friendly and understanding in nature (Ritzcarlton, 2013). Upgrading the Existing Customer Service Policies If the workers in the hotel are to be trained with the values of the customer service policies, the officials in the hotel must modify the existing policies of customer service. The officials must try to incorporate the best policies followed by the popular luxury hotels in the industry. Ritz and Hilton are the famous five star luxury hotels in Florida and Las Vegas respectively. These five star inns provide the best of services to its customers and following these policies would be the best improvement step made by the officials of the luxury hotel. There is a pool of different policies that these luxury hotels have introduced to check that they park the best of potential customers (Marriott, 2011). Service standards about staff training The existing team of staffs in the hotel must be trained to enhance the services rendered to the customers. The essay considers that the policy of lifetime relationship b uilding, of the Ritz and Hilton hotel is the best policy in which the officials of the concerned hotel must consider. The customers visiting the hotel must be treated as guests. The employees of the hotel should make sure that the individuals, who once visit the hotel, repeat their visits and consign others to visit the hotel. The service that the employees would render to the individuals would be a mark of excellence that would help to build a lifetime bonding with them. The

Comparison between Hinduism and Buddhism Assignment

Comparison between Hinduism and Buddhism - Assignment Example The religion is believed to be timeless, as the old people found it in practice. Hindus believe in one Supreme Being according to their traditions is both immanent and transcendent. According to the Hindu religious beliefs, the Supreme Being is both their creator and is of Unmanifest reality who deserves their respect (Rinehart, 2004). The Hindus believe in the divinity of the four Vedas, which are the oldest and most ancient elements of scripture in the world. Further, they venerate the Agamas as revealed in an equal measure. They treat these as primordial hymns of God which forms the bedrock of Santana Dharma, a form of an eternal religion. According to the Hindu beliefs, the soul reincarnates, evolving through many beliefs. However, the reincarnation trend stops after the resolution of all karmas. They also believe in moksha, which is the liberation from the rebirth cycle that takes place after the end of the reincarnation process. Since the process is continuous and evolutionary in every soul, not a single soul can be denied of its destiny (Fisher, 2014). In Hindu, an individual’s personal spiritual practice is referred to as sadhana which is used to refer to the means of accomplishing individual goals. It recognizes adhikara, which means that every person holds a unique position in life that is different from that of other people. Therefore, God exists in different forms, which gives people the freedom to feel attracted to one God and leave the rest. Similarly, there are different forms of yoga, just like there are different forms of God, which are not similar to one another. Therefore, the Hindu spiritual practice varies from one person to another.

Police corruption relating to money laundering Essay

Police corruption relating to money laundering - Essay Example This nexus of police and politicians often leads to disastrous consequences for the country's prosperity. Political leaders have often been found to be involved in the cases of money laundering in many countries around the world. In such cases, money laundering happens to be the next stage of money laundering. Political leaders generate billions of dollars of funds from different corrupt practices. They cannot deposit this money in country's banks, which then requires to be deposited elsewhere using the money laundering route. International bodies like UN have also raised the issue from time to time, and called upon respective governments to put in place proper rules and regulations which help in controlling the menace of corruption. The 'UN Convention Against Corruption' (UNCAC) is one such international understanding which came into force in 2003 and calls upon member countries to establish criminal offence cases against people indulging in corrupt practices. Despite much persuasio n and resolutions adopted by different countries from time to time, the menace of corruption appears all the more strong all these years. Corruption as such has been defined as the 'abuse of a position of trust to gain an unfair advantage' (Chaikin, 2008). When the extent of unfair advantage gains huge proportions, things appear to go out of hand. Such practices not only prove to be a big drain on the development and resources of the country, but it also adversely impacts the morale of the citizens. Many politicians have often been implicated in money laundering cases. For example, French politicians Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres and Francois Leotard were found to guilty and convicted for money laundering in the political party of the President Chirac (BBC, 2004). In general the money laundering takes places in such a manner that money earned through corrupt means is stashed away in banks abroad, which then finds way back home using false invoices, loans etc. This money is then used by the concerned person to make luxurious purchases or further promote the businesses (Fig). Once the money launderer is able to firm up the chain, then it becomes extremely difficult for the law of the land to trap it, more so because the chain is established with fullest support from the police establishment. Corruption and money laundering often go hand in hand, with the presence of one strengthening the other. While concealing such money, the police administration needs to be paid bribes. Chaikin (2008) defines money laundering as 'a process in which the ownership or control of assets and income are obscured or concealed from tax authorities, law-enforcement agencies or private parties, who have a legitimate interest in discovering the true beneficial owner or controller of such assets/income'. Police administration is the key law enforcement agencies entrusted with taking action against such corrupt practices. Chaikin (2008) further states that money laundering has two inter-related processes, namely; Anyone hiding the money for improper or illegal reasons is involved in money laundering. Money is "cleaned" or sanitised whenever its true nature, source or use is concealed. In some countries this process is called conversion of black money into white money. There were allegations that Iraq was receiving arms and ammunition from international arms dealers even during the period of

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 12

Economics - Essay Example In this case, the government may increase spending or reduce taxes or simultaneously adopt both measures to raise the aggregate effective demand. In this case, the government faces a budget deficit. Adopting an expansionary fiscal policy facing a situation of depressed economic activities reflected in lowered aggregate output levels and rising unemployment is the Keynesian prescription. Such policies are considered by governments during economic downturns. Contractionary Fiscal policy refers to a situation of raised taxes or lowered government spending or both in pursuit of curtailing the aggregate demand. Generally such policies are adopted to counter an inflationary situation fuelled by rising demand. Adoption of contractionary fiscal policies is considered during the upturns of the business cycles. An expansionary fiscal policy is illustrated in the diagram below using a standard IS-LM framework. As government spending rises with or without reduced taxes, the aggregate effective demand rises for all rates of interest and thus assuming sufficient unused productive capacities this implies a decline in unsold stocks leading to increased output for all rates of interest thereby leading to a rightward shift in the IS curve. As a result, the aggregate real output rises (Y1 to Y2) and so does the real rate of interest. The rise in rate of interest is caused by a rise in the government borrowings. However this rise in interest rates dampens the private inducements to invest. This is known as a crowding out effect as in essence private investments are crowded out by raised government borrowings (Mankiw, 2002). Thus, we see that while an expansionary fiscal policy may be successful in increasing the real aggregate national income and generating employment, it also leads to a decline in private investments which in turn reduce the effective demand. Thus, in the process of increasing borrowings to fund the excess spending or reducing taxes,